海底沉管隧道火灾烟气运动特性研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 14:42

本文选题：海底沉管隧道火灾　切入点：烟气运动特性　出处：《重庆交通大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：近年来我国海底隧道建设飞速发展,通风防灾问题是制约其发展的重要难题之一,特别是大断面特长水下隧道。同时,近年来世界范围内发生的多次隧道火灾事故表明,虽然火灾是小概率事件,然而一旦得不到有效控制,将带来巨大灾难。因此,对于特长海底隧道火灾工况下的烟气运动特性及人员安全疏散的研究显得尤为迫切。本文以国家科技支撑计划项目“港珠澳大桥跨海集群工程建设关键技术研究与示范”课题五子课题四“离岸特长沉管隧道建设防灾减灾关键技术”为依托,以港珠澳大桥海底沉管隧道为工程背景,围绕隧道火灾烟气的蔓延特性及人员的逃生环境开展了系统的研究。论文的具体工作如下：1、通过对隧道火灾烟气流动现象机理的分析,从能量守恒原理出发,建立了火灾烟气运动的数学模型,通过合理假设,推导出烟气温度与流速沿隧道纵向衰减的理论模型,结合数值仿真与全尺寸试验数据分析,验证理论模型的合理性与可靠性,最终获得港珠澳沉管隧道火灾烟气的蔓延特性。2、以港珠澳大桥沉管隧道为工程背景,根据隧道实际情况,建立长度为150m的1：1等截面尺寸的试验隧道,并配备完善的机电系统和试验测量系统,、创建火灾综合试验平台并编制试验数据采集软件。3、在足尺隧道内对油池火和木垛火的火灾热释放速率进行测定,同时,分析其影响因素,提出试验火源的设计方案。着重分析车辆火灾(试验选用小汽车和中巴车)的燃烧过程与燃烧现象,确定其HRR值及其影响因素。足尺隧道内的烧车试验在国内尚属首次,国外的车辆燃烧数据也较少,因此,为隧道火灾研究积累了宝贵的试验数据。4、通过开展全尺寸隧道火灾试验,在测定火源燃烧特性的基础上,深入分析隧道内温度场和烟雾场随时空的变化规律；对描述烟气蔓延特性的参数——烟气温度、烟气层高度、烟气蔓延速度和烟气中CO的输运特性等进行测量,定量分析烟气的流动状态。同时,对各影响因素下的烟气运动情况也进行了全面分析。5、根据港珠澳大桥沉管隧道的实际情况,采用FDS火灾仿真软件,建立三维数值仿真模型,并设置合理的边界条件。对不同火灾场景进行数值模拟,完善试验中无法顾及到的工况,系统分析了港珠澳沉管隧道火灾烟气流动规律。着重讨论隧道拱顶与边墙等重点位置的烟气分布特征、各火灾工况下的临界风速等关键参数,为人员与设备的安全及隧道防灾提供有力的数据支撑。6、通过火场环境对人体危害因素及人员安全疏散条件的具体分析,根据隧道内的火灾情况,对人员高度处危险因素的时空分布规律进行深入探讨。围绕热烟对人体危害的差异及危害范围详细分析,探讨热烟控制特性,最终提出港珠澳沉管隧道火灾人员可用安全疏散时间(TASET)。这将对火灾安全评估具有重要意义,为港珠澳大桥沉管隧道火灾时人员逃生策略的提出提供参考依据。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's rapid development of subsea tunnel construction, ventilation and disaster prevention is one of the most important problems restricting its development, especially the large section long underwater tunnel. At the same time, that several tunnel fire accidents happened in recent years in the world, although the fire is a small probability event, but once is not effectively controlled, will bring huge disaster. Therefore, the research on security expertise is tunnel fire condition smoke movement and evacuation is particularly urgent. Based on the national science and technology support projects "HZMB cross sea cluster construction key technology research and demonstration" project five "sub project of four offshore specialty immersed tunnel construction of disaster prevention technology" based on the seabed to HZMB tunnel as the engineering background, characteristics and spread around the staff of smoke escape environment to carry out system The study on the specific work of this paper are as follows: 1, through the analysis of the mechanism of tunnel fire smoke flow phenomenon, starting from the principle of conservation of energy, establish mathematical model of the smoke movement, through reasonable assumption, derived from the flue gas temperature and velocity attenuation along the longitudinal tunnel theory model of the combination of numerical simulation and analysis of full size data test and verify the rationality and reliability of the theoretical model, finally obtained the smoke Zhuhai Macao tunnel fire spread characteristic of.2, the immersed tunnel of Zhuhai Macao Bridge as the engineering background, according to the actual situation of the tunnel, the tunnel test set length 150m 1:1 uniform size, and is equipped with electromechanical system and measurement system, perfect. Create a comprehensive test platform for fire and.3 acquisition software test data, in the full scale tunnel fire of thermal oil pool fire and wood fire release rate were measured, at the same time, analysis The influence factors, design test fire. Focuses on the analysis of vehicle fire (test car and bus selection) of the combustion process and the combustion phenomena, to determine the value of HRR and its influencing factors. The full-scale tunnel fire test for the first time in the country, foreign vehicles burning data are scarce, therefore, accumulated the test data for the study of valuable.4 tunnel fire, by carrying out full-scale tunnel fire test, based on the determination of fire combustion characteristics, in-depth analysis of the changing law of temperature field and smoke in the tunnel field with time and space; the parameters describing the spread characteristics of flue gas, flue gas temperature, smoke layer height, smoke spread speed and CO in flue gas the transport properties were measured. Quantitative analysis of flow state of the flue gas. At the same time, the influence factors on the smoke movement under also conducted a comprehensive analysis of.5, according to the Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao Bridge immersed tunnel The actual situation of the fire by using FDS simulation software to establish a three-dimensional numerical simulation model, and setting reasonable boundary conditions. Numerical simulation of the different fire scenarios, perfect test can not take into account the conditions, systematic analysis of the tunnel fire smoke flow law of the Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao immersed. Focuses on flue gas distribution characteristics of tunnel vault and side wall other key positions, key parameters of the fire under the condition of critical wind speed, support.6 strong data security and tunnel disaster prevention personnel and equipment, through the specific analysis of fire evacuation conditions harmful to human factors and personnel, according to the fire in the tunnel, in-depth study of the temporal and spatial distribution of personnel at the height of the risk factors. Around the hot smoke of different harm and harm of the scope of analysis, explore the hot smoke control characteristics, finally puts forward the Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao immersed tube tunnel fire The safe evacuation time (TASET) can be used for disaster victims. This will be significant for fire safety assessment. It will provide a reference for the evacuation strategy of the Hong Kong Zhuhai Macau bridge immersed tube tunnel fire.

【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U458;U459.5

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