基于驾驶人风险感知时间的应急驾驶行为模型研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 13:19

本文选题：驾驶人风险感知时间　切入点：应急制动模型　出处：《湖南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前，驾驶人行为研究是是世界智能汽车以及智能交通领域的研究热点，受制于缺乏真实的事故数据，我国相关研究还停留在起步阶段。本文通过对汽车—二轮车碰撞交通事故发生前驾驶人应急行为的研究，旨在探索驾驶人应急行为与事故风险的关系。本文以驾驶人风险感知时间为研究对象，研究了人、道路、环境闭环系统下驾驶人风险感知时间的影响因素，探讨其与二轮车骑车人损伤风险之间的关系，并建立驾驶人应急制动模型。本文从湖南大学深入交通事故调查数据库（IVAC）中选取30例汽车—二轮车碰撞交通事故进行PC-Crash及Madymo事故重建，提取驾驶人应急行为表征指标。通过对不同交通事故情况下驾驶人风险感知时间的差异，提出驾驶人风险感知时间受道路、时间、天气等等因素的影响，但人的主观因素对其影响不大。此外，研究表明，，驾驶人风险感知时间与驾驶人反应时间成线性关系，因此，以驾驶人风险感知时间作为驾驶人应急行为评价指标具有一定优势，即可以抛开驾驶人的主观因素影响，更好的揭示碰撞交通事故发生前驾驶人一系列应急行为。二轮车骑车人损伤风险与车辆速度及驾驶人风险感知时间都存在一定的关系：车速较低时，骑车人损伤主要受碰撞角度、倒地方式等影响，此时车速对其影响不大；车速较高时，两者正比例相关。本文以车速和驾驶人风险感知时间为影响因子建立了二轮车骑车人损伤风险预测模型。本文还初步探讨了基于驾驶人风险感知时间建立驾驶人应急制动模型的方法，根据事故数据分析研究了制动加速度与风险感知时间之间的关系。研究结果可以为汽车主动安全技术的开发与设计、驾驶人应急行为干预及发展智能交通提供数据基础；也可用于交通事故鉴定与处理，提高交通事故鉴定水平。
[Abstract]:At present, the research of driver's behavior is a hot topic in the field of intelligent automobile and intelligent transportation in the world, which is restricted by the lack of real accident data. The related research in China is still in the initial stage. This paper studies the emergency behavior of the driver before the vehicle-two-wheeled vehicle collision accident. In order to explore the relationship between driver's emergency behavior and accident risk, this paper studies the influencing factors of driver's risk perception time under the closed loop system of man, road and environment, taking the driver's risk perception time as the research object. The relationship between the damage risk and the damage risk of two-wheeled cyclists is discussed, and the driver emergency braking model is established. In this paper, 30 cases of vehicle-two-wheeled vehicle collision accidents are selected from the deep traffic accident investigation database of Hunan University to reconstruct the PC-Crash and Madymo accidents. Based on the difference of drivers' risk perception time in different traffic accidents, it is proposed that the driver's risk perception time is affected by road, time, weather and other factors. But subjective factors have little effect on it. In addition, studies have shown that the driver's risk perception time has a linear relationship with the driver's response time, so, Taking the risk perception time of the driver as the evaluation index of the driver's emergency behavior has some advantages, that is, the subjective factors of the driver can be set aside and a series of emergency behaviors of the driver before the collision accident can be better revealed. There is a certain relationship between the injury risk of two-wheeled cyclists and the speed of the vehicle and the perceived time of the driver's risk: when the speed is low, the injury of the cyclist is mainly affected by the impact angle, the way of falling ground, and so on, at this time, the speed has little effect on it; When the speed is high, In this paper, a two-wheeled cyclists' injury risk prediction model is established based on vehicle speed and driver's risk perception time. This paper also discusses the establishment of driver's risk perception time based on driver's risk perception. The method of emergency braking model, According to the accident data, the relationship between braking acceleration and risk perception time is studied. The results can provide the data basis for the development and design of active safety technology, the intervention of driver's emergency behavior and the development of intelligent transportation, and can also be used to identify and deal with traffic accidents and improve the level of traffic accident identification.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.25

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