公路边坡滚石灾害运动特征及灾害防治研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 13:21

本文选题：边坡　切入点：滚石灾害　出处：《福州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：边坡滚石灾害作为山区地质灾害之一,因其多发性、突发性、随机性的特点往往造成严重的损失。随着山区公路建设的大力推动,公路边坡滚石灾害日益凸显,而滚石运动评估方法和防灾减灾对策研究则十分薄弱。本文依托闽东南沿海滚石灾害调查评估及灾害防治实践,开展滚石灾害发生机理研究、滚石运动轨迹及冲击特性模型试验及数值模拟研究、滚石灾害防治对策与技术研究,系统研究总结了边坡滚石灾害的形成机理、运动规律、模拟分析方法、灾害防治对策,并得出以下主要研究结论：1、研究总结了在降雨、动力作用、开挖扰动等扰动效应下边坡滚石灾害的触发机制；分析了滚石的发生模式、运动模式,以及公路边坡滚石灾害的表现形式和灾害特征,总结边坡滚石灾害的发生模式、触发因素、边坡条件、块体条件、防护措施等影响因子的作用规律。2、开展滚石运动试验模拟,对滚石的运动模式、运动轨迹进行统计归纳,揭示了在不同边坡地形、滚石形状和坡表覆盖条件下滚石运动的偏移特征和边坡平台的停滞作用；对比归纳了不同滚石形状、不同边坡条件下滚石运动轨迹的典型特征。3、开展滚石运动数值模拟,根据滚石运动轨迹、运动速度能量变化的特征,提出阻尼系数是颗粒流模拟中最敏感的参数；基于滚石运动室内模型试验的运动轨迹,对滚石运动数值模拟参数进行反演,可知颗粒流程序与RocFall程序的模拟结论与模型试验有很高的一致性,说明了两套模拟工具的适用性,也验证了模型试验的可靠性；在程序参数配对合适的条件下,颗粒流程序与RocFall程序的模拟结论一致性很高,提出以颗粒流程序与RocFall程序相互补充作为滚石运动评估的重要方法。4、基于滚石运动理论研究、试验模拟和数值仿真,对可能影响滚石运动的因素进行归纳分析,提出具体的滚石灾害防护设计对策,包括边坡坡形坡率优化设计和边坡平台设置方案；滚石运动轨迹、运动能量、运动速度评估；坡表覆盖条件设计；拦挡防护中,拦挡位置、拦挡高度、拦挡能级设计。依托典型滚石灾害工点,通过现场地质调查和滚石运动模拟评估,提出明确的防灾减灾对策。
[Abstract]:As one of the geological disasters in mountainous areas, slope rolling rock disasters often cause serious losses because of their frequent, sudden and random characteristics.With the development of highway construction in mountainous area, the rolling stone disaster of highway slope is becoming more and more prominent, but the research on the evaluation method of rolling stone movement and the countermeasure of disaster prevention and mitigation is very weak.Based on the investigation and evaluation of rolling stone disaster and disaster prevention and control practice in southeast Fujian coast, this paper studies the mechanism of rolling stone disaster, the model test and numerical simulation study of rolling stone movement track and impact characteristics, and the countermeasures and technology of rock rolling disaster prevention and control.This paper systematically studies and summarizes the formation mechanism, movement law, simulation analysis method, disaster prevention and control strategy of slope rolling stone disaster, and draws the following main research conclusion: 1, studies and summarizes the effect of rainfall and dynamic force,The migration characteristics of rolling stone movement and the stagnation of slope platform under the condition of rolling stone shape and slope surface covering, the typical characteristics of rolling stone movement track under different rolling stone shape and slope condition are compared and summarized, and the rolling stone motion numerical simulation is carried out.The damping coefficient is the most sensitive parameter in particle flow simulation according to the characteristics of rolling stone trajectory and velocity and energy variation, and the parameters of rolling stone numerical simulation are inversed based on the motion trajectory of rolling stone motion indoor model test, the damping coefficient is the most sensitive parameter in particle flow simulation.The simulation results of the particle flow program and the RocFall program are in good agreement with the model test, which shows the applicability of the two simulation tools and verifies the reliability of the model test.The simulation results of particle flow program and RocFall program are in good agreement. This paper proposes a new method to evaluate the rolling stone motion by using particle flow program and RocFall program as an important method to evaluate the motion of rolling stones, based on the research of rolling stone motion theory, experimental simulation and numerical simulation.The factors that may affect the rolling stone movement are summarized and analyzed, and the specific countermeasures for the design of the rolling stone disaster protection are put forward, including the optimization design of the slope slope ratio and the slope platform setting scheme, the evaluation of the rolling stone movement track, the movement energy and the movement speed.The design of slope surface coverage condition, blocking position, height and energy level in blocking protection.On the basis of typical rolling rock disaster site, through field geological survey and rolling stone movement simulation evaluation, definite countermeasures for disaster prevention and mitigation are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U418.5

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