橡胶颗粒沥青路面抑冰雪技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 08:36

本文选题：橡胶颗粒 + 离散元　；参考：《长安大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：冬季的雨雪冰冻会造成路面湿滑，继而会引发重大交通事故，不仅造成了巨大的财产损失，而且带来了严重的人员伤亡。目前，国内外解决冬天道路结冰、积雪这一难题时，大多采用撒布融雪剂的方式。该方式融冰雪量相对小、效率低；腐蚀和破坏道路构筑物；污染环境；严重损害道路、桥面的使用性能和寿命。将橡胶颗粒以骨料的形式直接掺配于沥青混合料铺筑自应力除冰雪路面技术不仅有效消除冰雪，还能合理利用废旧轮胎。此种技术是将废旧轮胎破碎而成的橡胶颗粒加入沥青混合料，利用橡胶颗粒的高弹特性提高路面整体弹性，达到路面借助自身车辆荷载来融雪破冰的技术效果。目前，国内外已初步研究的橡胶颗粒沥青路面早期破坏严重、耐久性差。因此，分析弹性路面早期破坏的原因、解决橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的耐久性、分析除冰机理等均是橡胶颗粒沥青路面除冰技术能否成功的关键问题。针对该问题，开展的主要研究如下：（1）建立微观离散元模型。以断级配和连续级配橡胶颗粒沥青混合料为基础建立模型，从细观出发，计算普通沥青混合料、橡胶颗粒沥青混合料在荷载作用下力学与变形特性，从力学角度提出橡胶沥青路面易破散的原因，并找出路面承载力与路面变形之间的关系，以此为基础进一步提出路面耐久性的改善措施。（2）完善配合比设计。以橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的微观模型和提出的提高路面耐久性措施为基础，提出了配合比设计方法，并对比分析了断级配和连续级配两种混合料的路用性能。（3）根据细观结构分析，得出橡胶颗粒沥青路面松散破坏的机理，研究了目前规范中沥青混合料水稳定性试验方法和抗飞散的试验方法，提出了针对橡胶颗粒沥青混合料耐久性评价的试验方法，并将其与普通沥青混合料进行对比分析，得出了针对橡胶颗粒沥青混合料耐久性的评价指标。（4）从细观力学角度出发，提出了一种全新的微观力学模型，该模型可预测多种复合材料弹性模量。以此模型为基础，对橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的理论值与实测值进行比较，分析各组成部分和材料性能对橡胶颗粒沥青混合料整体弹性模量的影响。（5）建立针对冰层的有限元模型。以断裂力学为基础，将根应变能密度因子准则做为冰层受力破坏的判据，，分析了温度、冰层厚度、弹性模量三者对除冰能力之间的影响，并完成了室内除冰模拟试验，验证了试验结果。（6）通过铺筑试验段，对试验路的路用性能进行了跟踪监测，对试验路的除冰效果进行了验证。
[Abstract]:The freezing rain and snow in winter will make the road wet and slippery, which will lead to serious traffic accidents, which will not only cause huge property losses, but also bring serious casualties.At present, at home and abroad to solve the winter road ice, snow, most of the way to use snow melt agent.The method is relatively small and inefficient; corrodes and destroys road structures; pollutes the environment; seriously damages roads and bridge decks.The technology of directly mixing rubber particles with asphalt mixture in the form of aggregate can not only eliminate ice and snow effectively, but also make rational use of waste tires.This technology is to add rubber particles from broken waste tires into asphalt mixture to improve the overall elasticity of pavement by using the high elastic properties of rubber particles and to achieve the technical effect of melting snow and breaking ice with the aid of vehicle load.At present, the rubber particle asphalt pavement which has been preliminarily studied at home and abroad has serious early damage and poor durability.Therefore, analyzing the causes of early destruction of elastic pavement, solving the durability of rubber granular asphalt mixture, and analyzing the deicing mechanism are the key problems for the success of deicing technology of rubber granular asphalt pavement.In response to this issue, the main studies carried out are as follows:1) the micro discrete element model is established.Based on the model of broken gradation and continuous gradation of rubber granular asphalt mixture, the mechanical and deformation characteristics of ordinary asphalt mixture and rubber particle asphalt mixture under load are calculated from the viewpoint of meso.From the point of view of mechanics, this paper puts forward the causes of the breakage and dispersion of rubber asphalt pavement, and finds out the relationship between pavement bearing capacity and pavement deformation. Based on this, the improvement measures of pavement durability are put forward.2) perfect mix ratio design.Based on the micro model of rubber grained asphalt mixture and the measures to improve pavement durability, the design method of mix ratio is put forward, and the pavement performance of two kinds of mixture, broken grade and continuous gradation, is compared and analyzed.3) according to the analysis of meso-structure, the mechanism of loose damage of rubber granular asphalt pavement is obtained, and the test methods of water stability and anti-dispersion of asphalt mixture in present specification are studied.The test method for durability evaluation of rubber granular asphalt mixture is put forward, and compared with ordinary asphalt mixture, the evaluation index of rubber particle asphalt mixture durability is obtained.(4) from the viewpoint of meso-mechanics, a new micro-mechanics model is proposed, which can predict the elastic modulus of composite materials.On the basis of this model, the theoretical value of rubber granular asphalt mixture is compared with the measured value, and the influence of each component and material performance on the overall elastic modulus of rubber granular asphalt mixture is analyzed.The finite element model for ice layer is established.On the basis of fracture mechanics, the criterion of root strain energy density factor is used as the criterion of ice layer failure, the influence of temperature, ice thickness and elastic modulus on deicing ability is analyzed, and the indoor deicing simulation test is completed.The experimental results are verified.Through paving test section, the road performance of test road is tracked and monitored, and the deicing effect of test road is verified.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U416.217;U418.41

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