交通事件下高速公路限速问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 18:50

本文选题：交通事件 + 高速公路　；参考：《长安大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：交通事件是高速公路使用中的常见问题，对高速公路上的驾驶员极易造成影响，引发二次事故，，明显降低高速公路的服务性能。国内外交通发展的实践经验和教训表明，解决交通事件引发的问题，需要合理的制定交通组织形式，科学的采取限速值，有效的设置限速标志，最大化的利用交通资源，更好的服务驾驶人员。本文针对我国高速公路交通事件特性，结合常见的交通组织形式，研究发生在高速公路基本路段和特殊点段交通事件的限速问题以及限速标志的设置问题，进而为交通实践提供科学的理论依据。本文的主要工作如下： 1、划分交通事件的影响区及给出区段长度的计算方法。将交通事件影响区区段划分为：警告区、上游过渡区、缓冲区、工作区、下游过渡区、终止区，并对每一区段内行驶车辆的速度离散性和快慢与行车安全的关系进行分析。 2、基于高速公路基本路段限速问题的模拟研究，旨在分析基本路段的交通流特性，主要包括道路通行能力、合流区车辆变道特性和车辆换道安全间隙。车辆以临界间距实施换道行为时，即认定为换道冲突；车辆以不同速度在同一车道行驶，前后车速和加速度达到某一差值时，即认定为追尾冲突。交通冲突数越多则表明越不安全，通行能力折减越大则表明通行效率越低。通过上述条件建立元胞自动机微观仿真模型，进行对于双向四车道以及双向八车道在不同交通组织形式下限速值大小的模拟研究，提供最终建议限速值。 3、对长大下坡、匝道、隧道等特殊点段的限速问题进行具体研究。引入特殊点段概念的界定，结合车辆在特殊点段上的制动安全性和换道安全间隙的分析，通过特殊点段交通组织形式元胞自动机仿真模型的建立，最终得出不同坡度不同交通量大小情况下的建议限速值，以及匝道、隧道的建议限速值 4、对限速标志的合理位置进行深入探讨。首先对于限速标志进行类型划分，指出限速标志在施工作业区与交通事故下的异同点；其次针对驾驶员的生理特性，分析限速标志对于驾驶员的影响；再次关于基本路段和特殊点段，给出限速标志的具体位置；最终对于限速标志位置设置模型的应用性与有效性进行验证。
[Abstract]:Traffic event is a common problem in the use of freeway, which can easily affect the drivers on the expressway, cause secondary accidents, and obviously reduce the service performance of the expressway.The practical experience and lessons of traffic development at home and abroad show that to solve the problems caused by traffic events, it is necessary to make reasonable traffic organization form, scientifically adopt the speed limit value, effectively set speed limit signs, and maximize the use of traffic resources.Better service for drivers.In this paper, according to the characteristics of expressway traffic events in China, combined with the common traffic organization, this paper studies the speed limit problem and the setting of speed limit signs in the basic section and special section of highway.Then provide scientific theoretical basis for traffic practice.The main work of this paper is as follows:1. Divide the affected area of traffic event and give the calculation method of section length.The traffic event impact area is divided into warning area, upstream transition area, buffer zone, working area, downstream transition area and termination area. The relationship between speed dispersion and speed and traffic safety in each section is analyzed.2. Based on the simulation of the speed limit of the basic section of expressway, the traffic flow characteristics of the basic section are analyzed, including the capacity of the road, the characteristics of the vehicle in the confluence area and the safety clearance of the vehicle changing.When the vehicle carries out the change behavior with the critical distance, it is recognized as the conflict of changing the road, and when the vehicle travels in the same lane at different speeds, the rear end conflict is determined when the speed and acceleration of the vehicle reach a certain difference.The more traffic conflicts, the more unsafe, and the larger the capacity reduction, the lower the traffic efficiency.Based on the above conditions, the microcosmic simulation model of cellular automata is established to simulate the speed limit of bidirectional four-lane and two-way eight-lane under different traffic organization forms, and to provide the final suggested speed limit.3. The speed limit of special points such as long downhill, ramp, tunnel and so on is studied concretely.This paper introduces the definition of special point segment, combining with the analysis of braking safety and safety clearance of vehicle on special point section, and establishes the simulation model of cellular automata, which is the traffic organization form of special point segment.Finally, the recommended speed limits for different slopes and different traffic volumes, as well as the recommended speed limits for ramps and tunnels are obtained.4. The reasonable position of speed limit sign is discussed deeply.Firstly, the type of speed limit sign is divided, and the difference between speed limit sign and traffic accident is pointed out. Secondly, aiming at the physiological characteristics of driver, the influence of speed limit sign on driver is analyzed.Thirdly, the specific location of the speed limit sign is given about the basic section and the special point section. Finally, the applicability and validity of the speed limit sign location setting model are verified.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491

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