基于物联网的高速路网应急管理系统设计

发布时间：2018-04-14 08:10

本文选题：物联网 + 高速公路　；参考：《重庆交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着中国高速公路建设的迅猛发展，，人流、物流的骤然增多，中国高速路网突发事件呈高发、频发且愈演愈烈的态势。由于对高速路网突发性公共事件缺乏判断和预知，对事件发生的时间、地点和程度等难以准确预判，造成救援延误、危害扩大等。又因高速路网管理重心前移，变事后处置为事前预防和事件及时发现与高效处置，这使得高速路网应急管理的难度呈级数增长，如何构建高效、有力的高速公路突发事件应急处置系统用以有效减轻事件引发的危害后果，及时、快速地进行救援和抢修受损道路以尽快恢复交通；如何利用应急系统中的预警系统实时地监测高速路网各主要路段，获得实时数据以排除潜在威胁，从根源上减少事件发生的概率已是迫切需要解决的问题。以此为出发点，本文着重研究了以下内容：（1）从物联网的基本概念入手，介绍其工作原理、特点、结构以及智能应用；同时概述高速公路应急管理及其管理信息系统，并分析物联网技术及对物联网在高速公路应急管理系统中的应用进行阐述。（2）着重分析了物联网相关技术在高速路网管理中的应用情况，如RFID技术在交通执法管理系统中，GPS、传感技术等在高速公路预警系统中和图像识别技术和视频监控技术在突发事件处理中以及智能交通在交通诱导管理中的应用等等，以此，为构建基于物联网的高速公路网应急管理系统设计提供实践经验支撑。（3）从高速路网应急管理的要求出发，基于物联网架构的高速路网应急管理系统包含信息采集系统、信息处理系统和信息发布系统，以满足多种信息化采集手段对各类交通数据、设施设备状态数据、气象数据等进行及时、全面、准确的采集的要求，满足为交通控制、管制提供科学的数据依据，为事故及时处置提供准确的信息保障的要求，满足对事故的分析、评价的要求。（4）在需求分析的基础上，围绕路网管理事件预防、事件及时发现、事件高效处置、优质交通服务四大核心任务，构建基于物联网的高速路网应急管理系统框架，设计信息采集系统、决策支持系统、交通控制及应急救援系统、信息发布系统和高速路网应急联动统一指挥系统五个高速路网应急管理系统的子系统。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of highway construction in China, the sudden increase of people flow, logistics, China highway network emergencies are high, frequent and intensified situation.Due to the lack of judgment and prediction of the sudden public events in highway network, it is difficult to predict the time, place and degree of the events, which results in the delay of rescue and the expansion of harm.Because the center of gravity of highway network management is moving forward, the post disposal is changed into the prevention in advance and the timely discovery and efficient disposal of the events, which makes the difficulty of the emergency management of the highway network increase in a series, how to construct the high efficiency,The powerful emergency management system of expressway emergency is used to effectively reduce the harmful consequences caused by the incident, to rescue and repair the damaged road in time and to restore traffic as soon as possible.How to use the early warning system in the emergency system to monitor the main sections of highway network in real time, to obtain real-time data to eliminate the potential threats, and to reduce the probability of the occurrence of events from the source has become an urgent problem to be solved.As a starting point, this paper focuses on the following contents:Starting with the basic concept of the Internet of things, this paper introduces its working principle, characteristics, structure and intelligent application, and summarizes the expressway emergency management and its management information system.The technology of Internet of things and its application in expressway emergency management system are analyzed.The application of Internet of things related technology in highway network management is analyzed.For example, the application of RFID technology in traffic law enforcement management system, sensor technology in expressway early warning system, image recognition technology and video surveillance technology in emergency event processing and intelligent traffic in traffic guidance management, etc.It provides practical support for the design of emergency management system of highway network based on Internet of things.According to the requirements of emergency management of highway network, the emergency management system of highway network based on the Internet of things includes information collection system, information processing system and information publishing system, to meet the needs of various information acquisition means for all kinds of traffic data.Facilities and equipment status data, meteorological data and other timely, comprehensive and accurate collection requirements, to meet the traffic control, control to provide scientific data basis, for the timely handling of accidents to provide accurate information protection requirements,Meet the requirements of accident analysis and evaluation.On the basis of demand analysis, the paper constructs an emergency management system framework of highway network based on Internet of things, focusing on the four core tasks of road network management event prevention, event timely detection, event efficient disposal, and quality transportation service.Design five subsystems of expressway emergency management system, such as information collection system, decision support system, traffic control and emergency rescue system, information release system and emergency linkage command system of highway network.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP391.44;TN929.5;U495

【参考文献】