面向乘员安全性的大客车侧翻碰撞护栏事故仿真与设计改进研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 14:47

本文选题：大客车 + 生存空间　；参考：《上海交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济和社会的发展，人口流动日益加剧，这对交通系统的可靠性与安全性也提出了更高的要求。大客车依然在我国的交通运输中扮演着重要的角色，而大客车事故因其“群死群伤”的危害性之大更值得引起科研工作者以及相关政府部门的注意。本文针对近两年频发的一种大客车交通事故类型——侧翻碰撞护栏事故进行了分析研究，主要工作包括以下几方面：（1）建立大客车车身有限元模型。以某12m长大客车车身为原型建立了仿真计算用车身模型，，包括三维CAD模型建立与简化，部件材料及属性参数设置，有限元网格划分，部件连接处理，质量单元添加。并对车身有限元模型质量进行检查，确保计算的可靠性。（2）侧翻碰撞护栏有限元模型完善。护栏的CAD模型尺寸依照国家标准JTGD81-2006《公路交通安全设施设计细则》的规定确定，之后导入有限元前处理软件进行材料及属性参数设置、有限元网格划分。大客车的初始运动状态设置参考欧盟ECE R66标准，并添加必要的运动以模拟真实交通事故。（3）大客车侧翻碰撞护栏事故重构。运用显式动力学计算方法分析有限元模型，重构事故，分析计算可靠性，并依据ECE R66生存空间的定义评判事故严重性。（4）事故设计改善研究。以保护生存空间为目的，从大客车结构本身与护栏结构设计两方面进行改善。改进大客车侧窗立柱结构降低事故损失；采用全新结构的护栏设计，并选用均匀设计法设计试验和响应面分析法优化护栏参数。本文探讨了侧翻碰撞护栏这类大客车交通事故的重构方法与改进措施。在改善车身设计方面对欧盟ECE R66的翻滚试验进行了补充，可供大客车设计人员参考；在提高护栏可靠性方面的研究结果对国家相关标准制定者有建设性的提议。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society in our country, population flow is becoming more and more serious, which puts forward higher requirements for the reliability and safety of transportation system. Bus still plays an important role in the transportation of our country, and the bus accident is worth the attention of scientific research workers and related government departments because of its great harm of "group death and group injury". In this paper, a type of bus traffic accident, rollover collision guardrail accident, which occurs frequently in the past two years, is analyzed and studied. The main work includes the following aspects: The finite element model of bus body is established. Based on the prototype of a 12m bus body, the body model for simulation calculation is established, including the establishment and simplification of 3D CAD model, the setting of material and attribute parameters of components, the mesh division of finite element, the connection processing of components, and the addition of mass element. The quality of the finite element model is checked to ensure the reliability of the calculation. 2) the finite element model of rollover impact guardrail is perfect. The size of the CAD model of the guardrail is determined according to the regulations of the National Standard JTGD81-2006 (detailed rules for the Design of Highway Traffic Safety facilities), and then the material and attribute parameters are set up by introducing the finite element pretreatment software, and the finite element mesh is divided. The initial motion state of the bus is set according to the EU ECE R66 standard, and the necessary motion is added to simulate the real traffic accident. 3) Reconstruction of bus rollover collision guardrail accident. The explicit dynamic calculation method is used to analyze the finite element model, to reconstruct the accident, to analyze the reliability of the calculation, and to judge the severity of the accident according to the definition of the living space of ECE R66. Research on accident design improvement. In order to protect the living space, the bus structure itself and the guardrail structure design are improved. Improving the column structure of side window of bus to reduce the accident loss, adopting the new structure of guardrail design, and choosing the uniform design method to design test and response surface analysis method to optimize the guardrail parameters. This paper discusses the reconstruction method and improvement measures of bus traffic accidents such as rollover collision guardrail. The rolling test of EU ECE R66 is supplemented in improving body design, which can be used as reference for bus designers, and the research results in improving the reliability of guardrail are constructive suggestions to the national standard setters.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U467.14;U417.12

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