秦巴山区公路桥梁山洪灾害破坏机理与风险评估

发布时间：2018-04-27 19:24

本文选题：公路桥梁 + 山洪灾害　；参考：《长安大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：秦巴山区位于我国中西部地区，降水丰富，地质灾害不断，公路桥梁受山洪、滑坡、崩塌及泥石流损坏事故频频发生。山区公路桥梁以中、小跨径的拱桥和梁桥居多，如何针对山区典型桥梁山洪破坏，并制定相应的维护管理措施成为山区桥梁安全运营的关键。为提高山区公路桥梁抗山洪破坏能力，针对山区桥梁开展灾害种类调查、公路桥梁山洪破坏机理、山区桥梁抗山洪破坏维护措施等方面的研究具有十分重要的意义。本文以一座典型的秦巴山区公路桥梁为工程背景，通过对秦巴山区的自然环境分析，结合公路桥梁山洪灾害破坏事故分析，针对山区公路桥梁山洪灾害破坏机理及维护措施展开研究，主要研究工作如下：（1）总结了山区公路桥梁的种类及特点，回顾了国内外山区桥梁受山洪破坏的事故案例，并简要分析了事故原因；评述了山区桥梁山洪破坏及国内外研究进展；（2）分析总结了秦巴山区地形地貌、气候特点、水文特征、植被情况及土壤特点，并简要介绍了山洪及其他地质灾害及对公路桥梁带来的威胁；详细分析了山区桥梁山洪破坏的类型及主要影响因素；（3）开展秦巴山区公路桥梁受山洪灾害损害的破坏机理研究，详细分析了山洪发生时桥梁的受力性能，以一座典型的山区公路桥梁为例，，计算了山洪作用下的结构受力，评估其安全状况，并分析了结构破坏的影响因素；（4）针对山区桥梁山洪及其他并发灾害破坏风险，建立秦巴山区公路桥梁山洪灾害破坏的风险评估模型，通过专家调查法得出了不同风险因子所占比重，采用层次分析法和模糊数学理论对山区桥梁山洪破坏进行风险评估，得出风险指数；（5）基于本文研究成果，结合山区气候、地质特点，给出山区公路桥梁抗山洪破坏预防性维护与常规性维护策略，为秦巴山区公路桥梁的安全运营提供了技术支撑，对其他地区桥梁抗山洪破坏维护也可提供一定的参考。
[Abstract]:The Qinba Mountain area is located in the central and western regions of China, with abundant precipitation, continuous geological disasters, and frequent accidents of highway bridges being damaged by mountain torrents, landslides, landslides and debris flows. Highway bridges in mountainous areas are mostly arch bridges and girder bridges with small span. How to deal with the mountain torrents damage and how to formulate the corresponding maintenance and management measures become the key to the safe operation of bridges in mountainous areas. In order to improve the ability of mountain highway bridges to resist mountain torrents, it is of great significance to investigate the types of disasters of mountain bridges, to study the mechanism of mountain bridges' damage, and to study the maintenance measures of mountain bridges' anti-mountain torrents. Based on the engineering background of a typical highway bridge in Qinba Mountain area, this paper analyzes the natural environment of Qinba Mountain area and analyzes the damage accident of mountain flood disaster of highway bridge. The damage mechanism and maintenance measures of mountain highway bridges caused by mountain torrents are studied. The main research work is as follows: This paper summarizes the types and characteristics of highway bridges in mountainous areas, reviews the accident cases of mountain bridges damaged by mountain torrents at home and abroad, and briefly analyzes the causes of the accidents, and comments on the damage of mountain bridges and the research progress at home and abroad. (2) the landform, climate, hydrology, vegetation and soil characteristics of Qinba Mountain area are analyzed and summarized, and the torrents and other geological hazards and the threat to highway and bridge are briefly introduced. The types and main influencing factors of mountain bridge mountain flood damage are analyzed in detail. The failure mechanism of highway bridges damaged by mountain torrents in Qinling-Bashan area is studied. The mechanical behavior of bridges is analyzed in detail. Taking a typical mountain highway bridge as an example, the structural forces under the action of mountain torrents are calculated. The safety condition is evaluated and the influencing factors of structural failure are analyzed. (4) aiming at the risk of mountain bridge mountain torrents and other concurrent disasters, the risk assessment model of highway bridge mountain flood damage in Qinba Mountain area is established, and the proportion of different risk factors is obtained by means of expert investigation. Using the analytic hierarchy process and the fuzzy mathematics theory to carry on the risk assessment to the mountain bridge mountain flood damage, obtains the risk index; Based on the research results of this paper, combined with the climate and geological characteristics of mountainous area, the preventive maintenance and routine maintenance strategy of mountain highway bridge against mountain flood damage are given, which provides technical support for the safe operation of highway bridge in Qinba Mountain area. It can also provide some reference for the maintenance of bridge against mountain torrents in other areas.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U445.7

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