盾构液压系统流固耦合长管道效应研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 08:35

本文选题：盾构机 + 动态响应　；参考：《中南大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：摘要：液压系统中的流体管道是承载物质流、能量流、信息流的重要系统元件之一,管道系统的设计一定程度上影响着液控系统的功能。在盾构掘进液压系统中,负载的突变、工况的变换会引起系统中流体状态突变,从而产生流体压力脉动。流体压力脉动通过流固耦合诱发管道振动,造成噪声污染,甚至导致管道破坏或机器失效。决定液压管道系统动态特性的一个重要因素是复杂的流固耦合作用,而盾构液压系统中管道长、油压高、工况与载荷突变,耦合效果十分复杂,传统方法预测的液压管道动态特性存在较大误差(特别是管道长而约束弱时),由此设计的管路系统潜藏安全隐患。为使盾构机获得优异的动力传递性能,深入研究流固耦合长管道效应是十分必要的。盾构液压系统的管道长可达100余米,流固耦合长管道效应十分突出。长管道效应由管道沿程压力损失/能量损耗、油击、管道振动等多种作用综合形成。在管道效应的三项构成中,显然流体和管道都不可能孤立起作用,必然是耦合的结果。长管道流固耦合效应严重影响管道输流特性和液压系统控制特性,流固耦合也是抑制流体振荡和管道振动必须计入的基本要素,因此流固耦合振动的研究是此类管道设计与运行控制中的核心。为此,本文开展了以下研究并取得了一些相关的新认识： 1)长管道液控系统动态响应特性研究。盾构液压管道长,系统沿程压力损失大、响应滞后、能量损耗大,为改善响应速度问题,本论文研究并提出了考虑长管道耦合效应作用下阀控系统动态性能影响因素建模方法,通过仿真分析查明了管道结构参数和蓄能器参数对系统的影响规律；在此基础上开展了以降低能耗为目标的实验研究,得到了相关参数的量化关系。以管道压力损失最小为目标,进行了管道结构优化设计,确立了基于压力损失的管道结构参数域空间。 2)液压长管道流固耦合振动特性研究。根据波动理论建立了单跨管道传递矩阵。针对盾构机液压系统中管道长、多跨的特点,通过位移边界条件、波动传递理论及流体连续性理论建立多跨管道场传递矩阵,据此可递推多跨管道任意跨中的场传递矩阵。基于这种认识,论文提出了可适用于多跨输流管道复杂管道系统的递推建模方法,该方法可快速计算系统中任意跨的场传递矩阵,为分析多跨复杂管道系统提供了较好的理论基础和方法。建立了长管道振动判据；提供了基于避免耦合振动的固支数计算方法,进一步形成了固支数优化计算模型,克服了以往依据经验选择固支数的不足。 3)设计与搭建盾构机长管道液压实验台。自主设计、开发了专用研究实验台。实验台主要功能有：模拟盾构推进系统的液压长管道系统工作状态；实验校验及修正所建立的关于流固耦合长管道效应的数学模型；适用于开展在不同管道长度、不同管道约束状况、不同外部负载、非稳态运行情况下带长管道阀控系统动态和静态特征的实验研究。为能实现各种功能,机电液集成设计中提出并实现了若干项有特色的技术模块：负载和动力部分设计成对顶油缸装置,形成大负载的模拟功能；多跨输流长管道系统设计成蛇形排列、立柱可移动、固支可拆卸的形式,便于有限空间内布置长管道、灵活改变管道结构参数；控制系统应用模块化和参数化理念开发,使实验过程能按预设程序全自动完成；通过配置合理的传感器、数据采集系统及振动分析系统,发明了一种液压长管系统振动效应测试方法及装置。 4)液压长管道系统的振动实验研究。对液压长管道系统分别进行了实验模态分析、工作振型测试和激励源频率特性测试,试验表明：液压长直管道固有频率在低频段较为密集；管道跨距对模态参数表现出规律性的影响：跨距越大,管道的梁模型特征越显著,固有频率越低,容易使管道结构在动负载状态下与外界激励发生共振；通过增加支撑的方法可以降低管道跨距,显著提高管道的固有频率,但其导致振型变化的规律难以确定,不利于进行振动抑制。本论文研究工作的创新性体现在： 1)针对盾构液压阀控系统管道长、液压系统响应复杂、滞后问题突出的特点,本论文通过仿真与实验研究了管道结构参数调整和蓄能器调节对响应滞后的影响规律,并提出了以压力损失最小为目标的节能优化设计方法。 2)建立了简支输流管道流固耦合传递矩阵模型,提出了多跨输流管道传递矩阵递推建模方法与长管道振动判据,进一步形成了固支数计算模型,并结合仿真分析,凝炼了固支数优化的理论基础和原则。 3)构建液压长管道实验台的创新点：a.利用大推力可变负载的对顶油缸装置实现70吨动力和多种负载加载状态(突变负载、程控负载和惯性负载)；b.研制了多组合液压长管系振动效应测试装置,实现了盾构拟实复杂管道系统振动的测试。上述研究成果为液压长管道流固耦合特性研究、管道结构参数优化匹配提供了理论基础、关键技术与实验平台支持。
[Abstract]:Fluid pipeline in hydraulic system is one of the important system components carrying material flow, energy flow and information flow, and the design of pipeline system affects the function of liquid control system to a certain extent.
In the shield tunneling hydraulic system, the mutation of the load and the change of the working condition will cause the sudden change of the fluid state in the system, thus producing the fluid pressure pulsation. The fluid pressure pulsation induces the pipe vibration through the fluid solid coupling, causing noise pollution, even leading to the pipeline failure or machine failure. The element is a complex fluid solid coupling effect, and the shield hydraulic system has long pipeline, high oil pressure, sudden change of load and load, and the coupling effect is very complex. The dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic pipeline predicted by the traditional method have large error (especially when the pipe is long and weak). Thus the hidden safety hidden danger is hidden in the design of the pipeline system. It is very necessary to deeply study the long pipeline effect of fluid structure interaction.
The pipe length of the shield hydraulic system can reach more than 100 meters long, and the effect of fluid solid coupling long pipeline is very prominent. The effect of long pipeline is formed by various functions such as pressure loss / energy loss, oil shock and pipe vibration. In the three components of the pipe effect, it is obvious that the fluid and pipe are not isolated and the effect of coupling is inevitable. The fluid solid coupling effect of long pipeline seriously affects the characteristics of pipeline transport and the control characteristics of hydraulic system. Fluid solid coupling is also the basic element to suppress fluid oscillation and pipe vibration. Therefore, the research of fluid solid coupling vibration is the core of the design and operation control of such pipes. New awareness:
1) study on the dynamic response characteristics of the long pipeline hydraulic control system. The length of the shield hydraulic pipe is long, the pressure loss of the system is large, the response lag and the energy loss are great, and the response speed is improved. In this paper, the modeling method of the dynamic performance of the valve control system under the effect of the long pipe coupling effect is studied and proposed, and the tube is found out through the simulation analysis. The effect of the parameters of the channel structure and the accumulator parameters on the system is studied. On this basis, the experimental research on reducing the energy consumption is carried out, and the quantitative relation of the related parameters is obtained. The optimization design of the pipeline structure is carried out with the objective of the minimum pipeline pressure loss, and the parameter domain space of the pipeline structure based on the pressure loss is established.
2) study on the fluid solid coupling vibration characteristics of the hydraulic long pipeline. According to the wave theory, a single span pipeline transfer matrix is set up. According to the characteristics of the length of the pipe in the hydraulic system of the shield machine, the multi span transmission matrix is established by the displacement boundary condition, the wave transfer theory and the theory of the fluid continuity. Field transfer matrix. Based on this understanding, the paper presents a recursive modeling method for complex pipeline systems in multi span pipeline. This method can quickly calculate the field transfer matrix of any span in the system. It provides a good theoretical basis and method for the analysis of multi span complex pipeline system. In order to avoid the calculation method of fixed number of coupling vibration, the optimization calculation model of solid number is further formed, which overcomes the shortage of selecting solid number according to experience.
3) design and build the hydraulic test bench for the long pipeline of the shield machine. Independent design and development of a special research test bed. The main functions of the experimental platform are: the working state of the hydraulic long pipeline system of the simulated shield propulsion system; the mathematical model of the long pipeline effect on the fluid solid coupling established by the experimental verification and correction; suitable for carrying out in different pipelines. The experimental research on the dynamic and static characteristics of the long pipeline valve control system under the condition of the length, the condition of different pipes, the different external loads and the unsteady state operation. In order to realize various functions, some special technical modules are put forward and realized in the design of mechanical and electrical fluid integration. The multi span long pipeline system is designed to be serpentine, movable and detachable. It is convenient to arrange long pipes in limited space and change the parameters of pipeline structure flexibly; the control system applies modularized and parameterized concept development to enable the experiment process to be completed automatically according to the preset program; through configuration A reasonable sensor, data acquisition system and vibration analysis system have been invented to test the vibration effect of hydraulic long tube system.
4) the experimental research on the vibration of the hydraulic long pipe system. The experimental modal analysis, the working mode test and the frequency characteristic test of the excitation source are carried out respectively. The test shows that the natural frequency of the hydraulic long straight pipe is more dense in the low frequency section; the span of the pipe has a regular effect on the modal parameter: the greater the span, the pipe is more large. The more prominent characteristics of the beam model and the lower natural frequency, the pipe structure is easily resonated with the external excitation in the dynamic load state. By increasing the support method, the span of the pipe can be reduced and the natural frequency of the pipe can be greatly improved, but the law of the vibration pattern change is difficult to be determined, and it is not conducive to the vibration suppression.
The innovation of the research work in this paper is reflected in the following:
1) in view of the long pipeline length of the shield hydraulic valve control system, the complex response of the hydraulic system and the outstanding lag problem, this paper studies the regulation of the pipeline structure parameters and the influence of the accumulator adjustment on the response lag through the simulation and experiment, and puts forward the energy saving optimization design method with the objective of minimizing the pressure loss.
2) the fluid solid coupling transfer matrix model of the simple supported flow pipeline is established. The recursive modeling method and the long pipe vibration criterion of the multi span pipeline are put forward, and the calculation model of the solid support number is formed, and the theoretical basis and principle of the optimization of the solid support number are condensed with the simulation analysis.
3) the innovation point of the construction of the hydraulic long pipeline experiment platform: A. uses the top oil cylinder to realize 70 tons of power and load loading state (catastrophe load, program control load and inertia load) by using the variable load with large thrust load. The vibration effect test device of multi combined hydraulic long pipe system is developed to realize the vibration measurement of the complex pipeline system. Try.
The above research results provide theoretical basis, key technology and experimental platform support for the study of fluid solid coupling characteristics and optimization of pipeline structure parameters.

【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U455.39;TH137

【参考文献】