校车四点式儿童安全带的结构设计及仿真研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 17:39

本文选题：校车 + 四点式儿童安全带　；参考：《湖南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，校车安全问题越来越突出，小学生乘员安全保护逐渐成为校车安全领域研究的重要课题之一。国内大部分校车已经配备了两点式安全带，有些校车也装备了三点式安全带，但这些形式的安全带均存在一定的不足：两点式安全带缺乏对乘员上半身的约束，校车发生碰撞时容易使儿童头部撞击到前排座椅而对儿童造成重大伤害；由于儿童骨骼发育不完整，且身高差别较大，佩戴三点式安全带易勒住儿童的脖子。针对现有校车安全带所存在的不足，本文提出了一种与校车座椅匹配的新型校车四点式儿童安全带。该安全带适用于3~10岁儿童乘员，操作简单，佩戴舒适。且该安全带的长度均可调节，适合不同身形的儿童乘员使用。该四点式安全带腰带装有自动锁紧式卷收器，可以有效防止儿童随意移动身体，并能避免儿童在校车紧急制动时出现“下潜”现象。本文详细介绍了校车四点式儿童安全带的结构设计方案和工作原理，并在校外工厂试制了四点式儿童安全带样件和与之匹配的小学生校车专用座椅。对两点式安全带和四点式安全带进行了台车正面碰撞对比试验，试验条件均参照GB24406-2012《专用校车学生座椅系统及其车辆固定件的强度》中的试验要求。利用多刚体动力学仿真软件MADYMO建立了基于6岁儿童假人的两点式安全带和校车四点式儿童安全带的正面碰撞仿真模型，并根据试验得到的数据对所建的两组模型进行了有效性验证。GB24406-2012中规定的小学生校车座椅间距不小于690mm，而GB24407-2012中要求的小学生校车座椅间距最小为550mm，通过对市场上小学生校车座椅间距的实际考察，发现座椅间距的尺寸大都集中在540mm~610mm之间。本文在经验证过的模型中仅改变前后排座椅的间距，，取座椅间距分别为620mm和530mm对模型进行运算，研究两点式安全带和校车四点式儿童安全带对儿童假人的保护机制。并基于校车座椅间距为550mm的实际工况，建立了3岁、6岁、10岁儿童的四点式安全带仿真模型，探讨校车四点式儿童安全带在正面碰撞中对3~10岁儿童乘员的保护效果，在均满足国标规定的损伤标准前提下，校车四点式儿童安全带对儿童身体运动姿态的约束显然可以有效减少二次损伤。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the safety problem of school bus becomes more and more prominent, and the safety protection of primary school passengers has gradually become one of the important research topics in the field of school bus safety. Most school buses in China already have two-point seat belts, and some schools have three-point seat belts. However, these types of seat belts have some shortcomings: the two-point seat belts lack restrictions on the upper body of the occupants. When the school bus collides, it is easy to make the head of the child hit the front seat seat and cause great harm to the child. Because of the incomplete development of the child's skeleton and the great difference in height, it is easy to wear a three-point seat belt to strangle the child's neck. In view of the shortcomings of the existing school bus seat belts, this paper presents a new school bus four point child seat belt which matches the school bus seat seat. The seat belt is suitable for 3-year-old children. It is easy to operate and comfortable to wear. And the length of the seat belt can be adjusted, suitable for different body size of the child occupants. The four-point belt belt is equipped with an automatic locking coiling device, which can effectively prevent children from moving their bodies at will and prevent children from "diving" during emergency braking of the school bus. This paper introduces in detail the structural design and working principle of the four-point seat belt for children on the school bus, and makes a prototype of the four-point seat belt for children in an off-campus factory and a matching special seat for the primary school bus. Two point seat belts and four point seat belts are tested in front of the bench. The test conditions are all in accordance with the test requirements of GB24406-2012 < strength of the Student seat system and its stationary parts of the Special School bus. The frontal impact simulation model of two-point seat belt and four-point seat belt of school bus based on 6-year-old children dummy was established by using multi-rigid body dynamics simulation software MADYMO. According to the data obtained from the experiment, the validity of the two groups of models is verified. GB24406-2012 stipulates that the spacing of primary school bus seats is not less than 690mm, while the minimum distance of primary school bus seats required in GB24407-2012 is 550mm. The actual investigation of the distance between the seats of the students' bus, It is found that the size of seat spacing is mostly between 540mm~610mm. In this paper, the distance between front and rear seats is changed only in the verified model. The model is calculated by 620mm and 530mm, and the protective mechanism of two-point seat belt and four-point child seat belt on children dummy is studied. Based on the actual condition that the seat spacing of school bus is 550mm, the simulation model of four-point seat belt for children aged 3 to 6 years old and 10 years old is established, and the protective effect of four-point seat belt of school bus on the occupants of children aged 3 or 10 years in frontal impact is discussed. On the premise of meeting the damage standard stipulated by the national standard, the restraint of the four-point seat belt of school bus on the children's body motion posture can obviously reduce the secondary injury effectively.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.61

【参考文献】