城市偶发性局部拥堵协调控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 17:38

本文选题：偶发性交通拥堵 + 拥堵识别　；参考：《长沙理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着城市人口与机动车保有量的不断增加,城市交通拥堵已经极大的影响了城市居民的生活质量,同时给城市道路资源以及城市经济造成了极大浪费。城市道路交通拥堵根据发生原因可以分为常发性拥堵与偶发性拥堵,常发性拥堵具有规律性,可以根据调查数据和经验进行预判并采取控制措施。而偶发性拥堵在发生的时间和空间上具有随机性,同时具有极大的衍生性,其造成的影响往往相较常发性拥堵更大。目前,国内外许多学者都致力于偶发性拥堵问题的研究,并取得一定成果。本文在阅读大量文献的基础上,分析总结前人的成果,并将其分为偶发性事件及随之形成的拥堵区域范围检测识别、拥堵区域控制子区的划分、疏散策略三个方面进行阐述。其中,主要将这三个方面的研究及发展历史、研究成果、待解决问题作为重点分析。拥堵识别是对偶发性拥堵区域进行疏散的先决条件。文章的第二章提出了以交通波理论为基础的拥堵范围模糊界定,即根据偶发性事故发生后交通波的传播方向和传播速度所覆盖的区域。然后在模糊界定的范围内以交通流特性参数为指标,判别道路交通状态,进而确定拥堵区域。不论偶发性拥堵是处于扩散阶段还是消散阶段,拥堵区域的范围一直是在变化的,因此,为了使疏散措施实现更好的效果,同时避免因处于拥堵控制下的交叉口恢复常态而产生的二次事故,本文提出了拥堵区域动态界定的方案。在拥堵区域确定了之后,便可以制定相应的措施对拥堵区的车辆进行疏散。但是当拥堵范围较大时,为了简化控制目标,以便在拥堵区域内实施更为灵活的控制措施,提出了在拥堵及拥堵周边区域划分阻塞区、过渡区、常态区三个控制子区的方法。三个控制子区各有特点同时又相互联系。交通诱导和交通控制是实现拥堵区域疏散策略的两大常用手段。在交通诱导方面,本文以调节信号配时打造横跨三个控制子区的协调控制干线来优化车辆的疏散路线,同时在常态区施行车辆禁行措施来实现对交通诱导措施。在交通控制方面,以实时交通流参数为基础,实现三个子区的自组织信号配时方案：在阻塞区以边缘交叉口为基点,逐步向拥堵中心疏导；在过渡区内层根据道路剩余容量调节信号配时方案,以均衡交通压力,在过渡区外层则根据通行需求设计信号灯相位方案,将靠近阻塞区的车辆往常态区转移；在常态区判断关键流向并调节绿灯时长,最大程度的放行拥堵区域出口方向上的车流。文中提及的疏散策略是基于“外围截流、内部卸载”的思想,将拥堵区域的车辆转移至常态区,以常态区作为卸载点达到快速疏散的目的。文章的最后对文中提及的诱导、控制方案进行模拟仿真,通过仿真结果分析其有效性与可行性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous increase of urban population and vehicle ownership, urban traffic congestion has greatly affected the quality of life of urban residents, but also caused a great waste of urban road resources and urban economy. Urban road traffic congestion can be divided into regular traffic congestion and accidental traffic congestion according to the causes. Regular traffic congestion is regular and can be forecasted according to survey data and experience and control measures can be taken. The occasional congestion is random in time and space, and has great derivative, and its influence is often greater than that of regular congestion. At present, many scholars at home and abroad are committed to the problem of accidental congestion, and achieved certain results. On the basis of reading a large number of literatures, this paper analyzes and summarizes the previous achievements, and divides them into three aspects: accidental events and the resulting area detection and identification of congestion area, the division of the control sub-area of the congestion area, and the evacuation strategy. Among them, the research and development history of these three aspects, research results, problems to be solved as the focus of analysis. Congestion identification is a prerequisite for the evacuation of accidental congested areas. In the second chapter, a fuzzy definition of congestion range based on the theory of traffic wave is proposed, that is, according to the direction of traffic wave propagation and the area covered by the speed of traffic wave after accidental accident. Then the traffic flow characteristic parameters are taken as the index in the range of fuzzy definition to distinguish the road traffic state and then to determine the congestion area. Regardless of whether accidental congestion is in the diffusion or dissipation phase, the extent of the congestion zone has been changing, so in order to achieve a better effect of evacuation measures, At the same time, to avoid the secondary accidents caused by the return to normal at the intersection under congestion control, this paper proposes a scheme of dynamic definition of congestion area. After the congestion area is determined, the corresponding measures can be made to evacuate the vehicles in the congestion zone. However, in order to simplify the control objective and implement more flexible control measures in the congestion area, a method is proposed to divide the congestion and its surrounding areas into three control sub-areas: congestion, transition and normal regions. Each of the three control subareas has its own characteristics and is related to each other. Traffic guidance and traffic control are two common methods to realize evacuation strategy in congested area. In the aspect of traffic guidance, this paper optimizes the evacuation route of vehicles by creating a coordinated control trunk line across three control sub-areas by regulating signal timing, and implements traffic guidance measures in normal areas. In the aspect of traffic control, based on real-time traffic flow parameters, the self-organizing signal timing scheme of three sub-areas is realized: in the congestion area, the edge intersection is taken as the base point, and the congestion center is gradually dredged; In the transition zone, the signal timing scheme is adjusted according to the residual capacity of the road to balance the traffic pressure. In the outer layer of the transition zone, the signal light phase scheme is designed according to the traffic demand, and the vehicles near the blocking area are transferred to the normal area. The key flow direction is judged and the green time is adjusted in the normal region, and the traffic flow in the exit direction of the congested area is released to the maximum extent. The evacuation strategy mentioned in this paper is based on the idea of "peripheral closure, internal unloading", which transfers vehicles from congested area to normal zone, and takes normal area as unloading point to achieve the purpose of rapid evacuation. At the end of the paper, the induction and control schemes mentioned in the paper are simulated and the effectiveness and feasibility are analyzed through the simulation results.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.54

【参考文献】