城市道路交叉口机动车运行特性研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 02:06

本文选题：城市交叉口 + 机动车运行特性　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：交叉口是城市路网中连续交通流与间断交通流相互转化的“咽喉”，常常发生交通拥堵，导致路网运行效率降低。机动车作为交叉口交通流的重要组成部分，其运行特性直接影响着交叉口的运行效率；对交叉口处机动车的运行特性进行深入分析和精确建模，可以更好的为交通管控、交通组织提供理论依据，有效地缓解交通拥堵。机动车运行特性研究主要分为微观运行特性和宏观运行特性研究，交叉口处机动车微观运行特性包括机动车的跟驰、换道、停车避让等驾驶行为，这些驾驶行为通常是驾驶员在驾驶任务和周边交通环境共同影响下，对机动车进行操纵体现出来的，机动车驾驶员不同的驾驶心理，会造成机动车不同的运行特性。由此可见，驾驶员是交叉口运行情况优劣的核心，驾驶员驾驶心理是研究机动车运行特性的关键。故在交叉口机动车微观运行特性方面，论文从交叉口处机动车驾驶员的驾驶心理角度入手，分析交叉口处客体对目标车辆驾驶员驾驶心理的影响，研究机动车驾驶员驾驶行为，进而实现了对交叉口机动车微观运行特性的深入分析和精确建模。交叉口处机动车宏观运行特性包括机动车的到达分布、传播延误、通行效率等，这些宏观运行特性的研究对交叉口处交通管控、交通组织以及缓解交通拥堵有着重要的作用。为了对其进行详细分析，论文结合数理统计中的概率论模型、交通流理论中的流-密-速关系模型、交通波模型等，对交叉口机动车到达分布特性、延误特性、传播特性等等宏观运行特性进行了定性描述，并结合视频采集手段，对建立的模型进行了验证。论文的研究可以丰富和发展城市道路交通流理论，为交叉口的交通控制方案制定、交通组织管理等提供理论基础，进而达到提升交叉口交通安全和交叉口通行效率的目的，论文的具体研究内容包括以下几部分：（1）研究了交叉口处机动车驾驶员驾驶心理受到的刺激影响情况。通过分析交叉口处客体对机动车驾驶员驾驶心理的影响情况，研究机动车不同运行状态下的驾驶员驾驶心理，给出了机动车在运行时所需的安全距离和静止时所需的安全距离及驾驶员的感知-响应情况，进而确定周边客体对机动车驾驶员所产生的影响范围和影响强度，并基于以上分析，构建了交叉口处机动车驾驶员受到刺激影响的一般模型。（2）分析了机动车驾驶员在不同刺激影响情况下的驾驶决策和驾驶行为。通过对不同刺激影响下的驾驶员心理决策过程进行分析，并结合贝叶斯概率理论和模糊聚类理论，建立了基于贝叶斯概率理论和模糊聚类理论的驾驶员驾驶行为决策模型；随后利用第二章建立的驾驶员心理压力模型及驾驶员的感知响应关系，确定了不同情况下的驾驶员心理压力，给出了不同相应临界值下的驾驶员驾驶行为，建立了驾驶员心理压力与机动车运行特性的关系模型，并对模型的可行性进行了分析。（3）建立了交叉口处阻滞和摩擦干扰下驾驶员驾驶行为模型。结合机动车运行特性与驾驶员驾驶心理的关系模型、驾驶员驾驶行为决策模型，研究交叉口处驾驶员在阻滞干扰下和摩擦干扰下的驾驶行为决策，分析机动车释放过程中的阻滞干扰和摩擦干扰对驾驶员驾驶心理的影响情况，将驾驶员的应对行为和车辆运行行为进行数学抽象，建立摩擦干扰和阻滞干扰情况下的驾驶员驾驶行为模型，，确定了阻滞干扰和摩擦干扰下的机动车微观运行特性。（4）研究了交叉口机动车流的到达分布、延误、传播等宏观运行特性。对交叉口处机动车的宏观运行特性进行研究，本部分从上下游交叉口间的流量关系入手，通过分析交叉口处机动车的到达规律，绿灯末期的机动车运行特性，给出了交叉口机动车的到达分布模型、到达延误模型，绿灯末期驾驶员驾驶行为模型。随后结合数理统计中的概率论模型、交通流理论中的流-密-速关系模型、交通波模型等，对交叉口机动车到达分布特性、延误特性、传播特性等等宏观运行特性进行了定性描述，并结合视频采集手段，对建立的模型进行了验证。最后，对论文的研究进展及主要成果进行总结，并提出研究过程中存在的主要问题以及下一步需要探索内容。
[Abstract]:The intersection is the "throat" which is transformed between continuous traffic flow and discontinuous traffic flow in urban road network. Traffic congestion often leads to the reduction of the efficiency of road network. As an important part of the traffic flow of the intersection, the operating characteristics of the vehicle directly affect the operating efficiency of the intersection and the running characteristics of the motor vehicles at the intersection. Deep analysis and accurate modeling can provide better theoretical basis for traffic control and traffic organization, and effectively alleviate traffic congestion.
The study of motor vehicle running characteristics is mainly divided into micro operation characteristics and macro operation characteristics. The micro operating characteristics of motor vehicles at the intersection include the driving behavior of motor vehicle following, changing lane and stopping and avoiding. These driving behavior is usually the driver's manipulating body under the influence of the driver's driving task and the surrounding environment. The different driving psychology of motorists will cause different running characteristics of motor vehicles. It can be seen that drivers are the core of the operation of intersections, driver psychology is the key to study the characteristics of motor vehicle operation. The driving psychology of the driver, the influence of the object on the driver's driving psychology of the target vehicle, the driving behavior of the motor vehicle driver is studied, and the microscopic running characteristics of the motor vehicle at the intersection are analyzed and modeled accurately. The macroscopic running characteristics of the motor vehicle at the intersection include the arrival and distribution of the motor vehicles. In order to analyze the traffic control, traffic organization and traffic congestion at the intersection, this paper combines the probability model of mathematical statistics, the flow density velocity relation model, the traffic wave model and so on, to the intersection. The characteristics of the vehicle arrival distribution, the delay characteristic, the propagation characteristic and so on are qualitatively described, and the model is verified with the video acquisition method.
The research of this paper can enrich and develop the theory of urban road traffic flow, provide the theoretical basis for the traffic control scheme and traffic organization management of the intersection, and then achieve the purpose of improving the traffic safety of the intersection and the efficiency of the intersection. The specific contents of this paper include the following parts:
(1) the driving psychology of motorists at the intersection is studied. Through the analysis of the influence of the object on the driver's driving psychology at the intersection, the driver psychology of the motor vehicle in different running states is studied. The safety distance required by the motor vehicle is given and the required safety when the motor vehicle is still at rest is given. The overall distance and the driver's perception response situation, and then determine the impact range and influence intensity of the peripheral objects on the motorists, and based on the above analysis, the general model of the driver's impact on the motorists at the intersection is built.
(2) the driving decision and driving behavior of motorists under the influence of different stimuli are analyzed. Through the analysis of the driver's psychological decision-making process under the influence of different stimuli, and combining Bayesian probability theory and fuzzy clustering theory, the driver's driving behavior based on Bayesian probability theory and fuzzy clustering theory is established. The driver's psychological pressure model and the driver's perception response relationship are then used to determine the driver's psychological pressure in the second chapters. The driver's driving behavior under different critical values is given. The model of the relationship between the driver's psychological pressure and the running characteristics of the motor car is established, and the model is also established. The feasibility is analyzed.
(3) the driving behavior model of the driver under the block and friction interference is established. The model of the driver's driving behavior is combined with the model of the driving behavior of the motor vehicle and the driver's driving psychology, and the driving behavior decision of the driver under the block interference and friction interference is studied, and the resistance of the vehicle in the process of the vehicle release is analyzed. The influence of hysteresis and friction interference on driver's driving psychology, the driver's response behavior and vehicle operation behavior are abstracted, and the driver behavior model of the driver's driving behavior under the condition of friction and block interference is established, and the micro operation characteristics of the motor car under the block interference and friction interference are determined.
(4) the macroscopic running characteristics of the vehicle flow, such as the arrival distribution, delay and transmission, are studied. The macroscopic operation characteristics of the motor vehicles at the intersection are studied. This part begins with the flow relationship between the upper and lower reaches of the intersection, and gives the intersection of the motor vehicle's running characteristics at the end of the green light by the analysis of the flow relationship between the upper and lower reaches of the intersection. The arrival distribution model of the motor vehicle, the arrival delay model, the driver's driving behavior model at the end of the green light, then combined with the probability model in the mathematical statistics, the flow density velocity relation model, the traffic wave model in the traffic flow theory, and the macroscopic running characteristics of the vehicle arrival distribution, the delay characteristic, the propagation characteristic and so on. A qualitative description is given, and the model is verified by means of video collection.
Finally, the paper summarizes the research progress and main achievements of the paper, and points out the main problems in the research process and the next step to explore the content.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.23;U491.25

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