大货车交通事故致因机理及对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 04:02

本文选题：大货车 + 事故致因　；参考：《重庆交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国货物运输中，大货车运输占有举足轻重的地位。当前，货运市场正朝着大型化、重载化的方向发展，随之而来的是大货车交通事故的大幅上升，给人民的生命财产带来重大损失，大货车对道路交通安全的影响已成为亟待解决的问题，因此本文对大货车交通事故致因机理及对策进行研究具有非常重要的现实意义。本文首先介绍了交通事故的基本概念，在总结国内外大货车事故研究现状的基础上，以大货车交通事故统计数据为依据，分别从事故形态、事故时间、载重、速度、天气、驾驶员驾龄等方面分析总结了大货车交通事故的特征；从驾驶员、车辆性能、道路条件、交通环境、违法行为等角度对大货车交通事故致因进行了分析。其次,以交通事故是一种不正常的或不希望的能量释放或转移为出发点，基于能量守恒定律、Gibson“能量意外释放理论”和Haddon“能量转移理论”，，提出了大货车“能量储备与释放”事故机理；又从致使大货车交通事故频繁发生的违法行车行为角度出发，提出了3类大货车“违法行车行为”事故机理，即“超载”事故机理、“超速”事故机理、“超限（即超高或超宽）”事故机理。然后在实例分析部分，先是通过一起典型的大货车交通事故案例，分析阐述了大货车交通事故过程中大货车车辆的能量储备与释放过程；后是利用仿真软件Trucksim8.0，针对两类典型的大货车违法行为（超速和超载）进行了仿真实验，分析验证了速度或载重不断增加条件下大货车事故率的变化趋势。最后，本文基于所提出的大货车事故致因和机理，从大货车驾驶员的教育及管理、车辆安全性能的提高、道路事故多发点（段）的治理、大货车行车环境的改善、大货车违法行车行为的遏制等方面提出了预防大货车交通事故的措施与对策。本文研究成果对完善道路交通安全理论体系奠定了一定基础，对预防大货车交通事故的发生、提高公路安全运营及管理水平具有一定的指导作用。
[Abstract]:In the transportation of goods in China, the transportation of large freight cars occupies an important position. At present, the freight market is developing towards large and heavy load, which is followed by a large increase in traffic accidents of large freight cars, causing great losses to the people's life and property, and the impact of large trucks on road traffic safety has become a problem to be solved urgently. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the cause mechanism and Countermeasures of large truck traffic accidents.
In this paper, the basic concept of traffic accident is introduced. On the basis of summarizing the current situation of large freight car accidents at home and abroad, based on the statistics of heavy truck traffic accidents, this paper analyzes and summarizes the characteristics of the truck traffic accidents from the aspects of accident form, accident time, load, speed, weather, driver's driving age and so on. From the driver and car, the traffic accidents are analyzed and summarized. The causes of vehicle accidents are analyzed in terms of vehicle performance, road conditions, traffic environment and illegal behavior. Secondly, traffic accidents are an abnormal or unwanted energy release or transfer as the starting point. Based on the law of conservation of energy, Gibson "theory of energy accidental release" and "energy transfer theory" of Haddon, it is put forward The accident mechanism of "energy reserve and release" of large freight cars, and from the angle of illegal driving caused by the frequent traffic accidents of large freight cars, put forward 3 kinds of "illegal driving behavior" accident mechanism, that is "overloading" accident mechanism, "overspeed" accident mechanism, "overlimit (that is ultra high or ultra wide)" accident mechanism. In the case of an example of a typical truck traffic accident case, the energy reserve and release process of large truck vehicles in the process of heavy truck traffic accidents are analyzed, and then the simulation software Trucksim8.0 is used to simulate the illegal behavior of two kinds of typical large freight cars (super speed and overload), and the speed of the simulation is analyzed and verified. In the end, this paper is based on the cause and mechanism of the truck accident, from the education and management of the truck drivers, the improvement of the vehicle safety performance, the control of the road accident multiple point (section), the improvement of the driving environment of the large freight car, the control of the illegal driving behavior of the large truck. Measures and Countermeasures for preventing large truck traffic accidents are put forward.
The research results of this paper have laid a certain foundation for improving the theoretical system of road traffic safety, and have a certain guiding role in preventing the occurrence of traffic accidents and improving the safety operation and management level of the highway.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.31

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