危险货物运输车辆调度优化研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 06:48

本文选题：危险货物 + 车辆调度　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着化学工业和现代科学技术的不断发展，危险货物运输的品种和数量日益增多，这些数量众多且危险特性复杂多样的货物在道路上运输，对道路周围的人身安全、财产安全以及生态环境等会造成严重威胁。目前危险货物运输路径一般都是由政府部门直接指定，企业必须按指定路线进行运输，然而在实际的车辆调度过程中，部分运输路径可能存在较大的风险和安全隐患。科学合理的危险货物车辆调度可以极大的降低这种风险，消除安全隐患，因此有必要对危险货物运输车辆调度问题展开研究。论文主要研究了确定环境和不确定环境下的危险货物运输车辆调度问题。针对确定环境下的危险货物运输车辆调度，分两个方面展开研究：第一个方面研究了单源点多需求点危险货物运输车辆调度问题，以运输风险、运输费用以及运输时间最小化为目标，同时考虑服务时间窗约束和最大风险限制，建立了危险货物运输车辆调度多目标优化模型，并设计了改进的多目标遗传算法进行求解；第二个方面研究了多源点多需求点危险货物运输车辆调度问题，同样以运输风险、运输费用以及运输时间最小化为目标，还增加了最大风险限制以及各车辆返回各自源点的约束，，建立了多目标优化模型，并设计了两阶段启发式算法进行求解。针对不确定环境下的危险货物运输车辆调度问题，也分两个方面进行了研究：一方面研究是单源点危险货物运输车辆调度问题，以路段时间阻抗为不确定参数，以运输风险最小、运输费用最省、运输时间最短为追求的目标，考虑满足服务时间窗、车辆的最大满载量、需求点需求量等约束条件，建立了不确定环境下危险货物运输车辆调度的机会约束规划模型，然后结合遗传算法和模拟技术，设计了混合算法进行求解；另一方面研究了多源点危险货物运输车辆调度问题，建立了不确定环境下危险货物运输车辆调度的机会约束规划模型，然后运用改进的启发式算法进行求解，最后用一个算例验证了模型和算法的可行性。研究成果对于降低危险货物运输风险、节省运输成本、提高运输效率等方面具有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of chemical industry and modern science and technology, the variety and quantity of dangerous goods transport are increasing. Property safety and ecological environment will pose a serious threat. At present, the transportation route of dangerous goods is usually designated by the government directly, and enterprises must carry out transportation according to the designated route. However, in the actual vehicle scheduling process, some transportation routes may have greater risks and safety risks. Scientific and reasonable vehicle scheduling of dangerous goods can greatly reduce this risk and eliminate the hidden dangers of safety, so it is necessary to study the vehicle scheduling problem of dangerous goods transportation. In this paper, the problem of vehicle scheduling for dangerous goods transportation in uncertain and deterministic environments is studied. The vehicle scheduling of dangerous goods transportation under certain environment is studied in two aspects: first, the vehicle scheduling problem of single source point and multi-demand point dangerous goods transport vehicle is studied in order to transport risk. Considering the service time window constraint and the maximum risk limitation, the multi-objective optimization model of dangerous goods transportation vehicle scheduling is established, and an improved multi-objective genetic algorithm is designed to solve the problem. In the second aspect, the vehicle scheduling problem of multi-source multi-demand point dangerous goods transportation is studied, which also aims at minimizing transport risk, transportation cost and transportation time. The maximum risk limit and the constraint of each vehicle returning to its own source point are added, and a multi-objective optimization model is established, and a two-stage heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the problem. In view of the vehicle scheduling problem of dangerous goods transportation in uncertain environment, there are two aspects: on the one hand, the vehicle scheduling problem of dangerous goods transportation with single source point is studied, and the section time impedance is regarded as an uncertain parameter. Taking the minimum transportation risk, the most economical transportation cost and the shortest transportation time as the goal to pursue, the constraints of meeting the service time window, the maximum full load of the vehicle, the demand point demand and so on are considered. The opportunistic constraint programming model of dangerous goods transportation vehicle scheduling in uncertain environment is established, and then a hybrid algorithm is designed to solve the problem by combining genetic algorithm and simulation technology. On the other hand, the vehicle scheduling problem of multi-source dangerous goods transportation is studied, and the opportunistic constrained programming model of dangerous goods transport vehicle scheduling in uncertain environment is established, and then the improved heuristic algorithm is used to solve the problem. Finally, an example is given to verify the feasibility of the model and algorithm. The research results have certain reference value for reducing the risk of dangerous goods transportation, saving transportation cost and improving transportation efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U492.22;U492.336.3

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