海蚀环境下橡胶隔震支座性能劣化规律研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 14:01

本文选题：隔震支座 + 跨海大桥　；参考：《广州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国对海洋权益的日益重视，为满足海洋资源的开发、沿海城市、岛屿的对接等需要，建造跨海桥梁等相关近海工程变得尤为迫切。然而，包括跨海桥梁在内的近海工程造价高、建造难度大，且往往这些工程还是生命线工程，在部分区域遭受灾害的时候，其使用功能的保证往往可以为抢险救灾、国家战略需要等提供非常有利的条件。隔震技术作为一种行之有效的保证结构地震安全性的措施，在这些工程中使用更是可以凸显其优越性。本文结合我国沿海的具体情况，对海蚀环境下隔震支座的性能劣化规律，从橡胶材料试验、隔震支座试验、有限元仿真分析、理论分析等方面开展了一系列的研究，具体的研究内容如下： 1、隔震支座影响因素分析：通过查阅大量的文献，结合隔震支座的材料构成及构造，总结分析出海洋环境中对隔震支座的影响因素。 2、试验方案制定：结合我国十大沿海城市的气候特征及我国各海域海水成分特点来确定人工加速老化、人工加速海蚀试验的温度条件、时间条件、人工海水成分。根据制定的人工加速老化试验、人工加速海蚀试验方案，设计出相应的橡胶隔震支座、橡胶块体及橡胶片，，用于研究隔震支座整体及橡胶材料经受这些试验后的性能变化。同时，还结合多个国家及地区的支座试验标准，制定了考虑风荷载、刹车荷载、地震作用等因素的隔震支座试验加载方案。 3、橡胶材料老化及海蚀试验：对橡胶片及橡胶块体分别进行了老化试验、海蚀试验及老化+海蚀试验，并对橡胶材料进行了相关的材料性能试验，总结出橡胶材料经受各种试验工况后的性能变化规律。 4、橡胶隔震支座海蚀劣化研究试验：对无保护层组橡胶隔震支座、有保护层组橡胶隔震支座进行了老化试验、海蚀试验、多种荷载作用试验，并在每种试验的前后进行了基本性能试验，总结得出了橡胶隔震支座经受各种工况后刚度性能的变化规律。提出了隔震支座性能保证措施及防腐方法，并给出了一种支座保护罩的设计参考三维图及安装示意图。 5、橡胶支座有限元分析及支座老化性能预测：通过ABAQUS有限元分析软件，建立不均匀老化模型对橡胶隔震支座进行竖向刚度及水平刚度的分析，结果发现：隔震支座的刚度主要是与老化区域的大小有关，与加载方向关系不大。然后根据此结果提出了一种针对老化后隔震支座水平刚度的简易监测方法。 6、海蚀环境下，橡胶隔震支座性能劣化事变规律研究：采用橡胶片硬度随时间的变化规律及钢材在海洋大气环境的腐蚀速率，综合分析，并得到海洋环境中无保护层橡胶隔震支座性能的时变规律。
[Abstract]:With the increasing attention to marine rights and interests in China, in order to meet the development of marine resources, coastal cities, island docking and other needs, the construction of cross-sea bridges and other related offshore projects have become particularly urgent. However, offshore projects, including bridges across the sea, are costly and difficult to build, and often these projects are lifeline projects. When some areas are hit by disasters, the guarantee of their use functions can often be used for emergency relief and disaster relief. National strategy needs to provide very favorable conditions. As an effective measure to ensure the seismic safety of structures, isolation technology can be used in these projects to highlight its advantages. In this paper, a series of researches are carried out on the performance degradation of isolation bearings in marine erosion environment, including rubber material test, isolation bearing test, finite element simulation analysis, theoretical analysis and so on. The specific research contents are as follows: 1. Analysis of the factors affecting the isolation support: through consulting a large number of documents, combined with the material composition and structure of the isolation support, The influence factors on isolation support in marine environment are summarized and analyzed. 2, the test scheme is formulated: according to the climatic characteristics of ten coastal cities in China and the characteristics of sea water composition in each sea area of China, the artificial accelerated aging is determined. The temperature, time and composition of artificial accelerated sea erosion test. According to the artificial accelerated aging test and the artificial accelerated sea corrosion test scheme, the corresponding rubber isolation bearings, rubber blocks and rubber sheets are designed to study the performance changes of the whole isolation bearings and rubber materials after these tests. At the same time, combined with the support test standards of many countries and regions, the wind load and brake load were taken into account. Loading scheme of isolation bearing test for seismic action and other factors. 3. Rubber material aging test and sea corrosion test: the aging test, sea corrosion test and aging sea corrosion test of rubber sheet and rubber block are carried out, respectively. The properties of rubber materials under various test conditions are summarized. 4. The study of marine corrosion deterioration of rubber isolation bearings: the rubber isolation bearings without protective layer, the rubber isolation bearing, the rubber isolation bearing, The aging test, sea corrosion test, multiple load test and basic performance test were carried out before and after each kind of test. The change rule of stiffness performance of rubber isolation bearing under various working conditions is summarized. The performance assurance measures and anticorrosion methods of the isolation bearing are put forward, and a design reference 3D diagram and installation diagram of the bearing protective cover are given. 5. Finite element analysis of the rubber bearing and prediction of the bearing aging performance: through Abaqus finite element analysis software, The vertical stiffness and horizontal stiffness of rubber isolation bearing are analyzed by establishing a non-uniform aging model. The results show that the stiffness of the isolation bearing is mainly related to the size of the aging area and has little to do with the direction of loading. Based on these results, a simple method for monitoring horizontal stiffness of isolation bearings after aging is proposed. 6, under marine erosion environment, Study on deterioration of rubber bearing performance: the rule of change of rubber sheet hardness with time and corrosion rate of steel in marine atmosphere are used to analyze comprehensively. The time-varying law of rubber isolation bearing performance in marine environment is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U443.361

【参考文献】