非可溶岩隧道突涌灾害预测研究及工程应用

发布时间：2018-06-15 19:22

本文选题：隧道工程 + 非可溶岩　；参考：《岩石力学与工程学报》2014年04期

【摘要】：隧道等地下工程施工过程中,突涌事故一般发生在可溶岩隧道中,然而近些年非可溶岩隧道发生突涌事故的案例越来越多,给隧道施工带来重大灾难和经济损失。首先,通过3个突涌事故案例的剖析,揭示非可溶岩隧道突涌的本质是开挖或爆破扰动触发赋存在破碎带或软弱带中的水和碎屑物在自身压力作用下涌入隧道,其孕险环境必须同时具备物质条件、空间条件和触发条件,三者缺一不可。物质条件是充足的水和砾石、砂、泥等原地性或外源性的碎屑物;空间条件是突涌物的存储和运移的破碎带或软弱带等;触发条件是岩体的开挖扰动和爆破扰动。非可溶岩隧道施工过程中突涌灾害的预测就是对掌子面前方能够赋存潜在突涌物的破碎带或软弱带及其带内物质组成、固结程度的辨识。然后,针对突涌灾害的物质和空间条件给出基于地质、物探和钻探的综合超前预报体系;结合实践,重点建立地震波反射法(TGP)成果中的反射幅度比、波轴相似度等参数对异常地质体的地震动态响应特征。最后,将上述成果应用到岩前隧道的F17断层破碎带的预报中,通过宏观工程地质分析和已开挖段的地质调查及试验,全程动态追踪隧道揭露围岩的统计及力学特征;通过未开挖段长距离的TGP探测和短距离的地质雷达和水平钻孔探测,辨识隧道即将揭露区段突涌灾害的孕险环境,实现对断层破碎带位置、规模、空间展布的精确定位,对带内物质组成及胶结程度的确认,成功预测突涌事故的发生。实践证明,上述综合预报技术体系能够预测非可溶岩隧道的突涌灾害,其结果准确可靠,可为类似工程提供参考和借鉴。
[Abstract]:In the construction process of underground projects such as tunnels, sudden surge accidents usually occur in soluble rock tunnels. However, in recent years, there are more and more cases of sudden surge accidents in non-soluble rock tunnels, which bring great disasters and economic losses to tunnel construction. First of all, through the analysis of three sudden surge accidents, it is revealed that the nature of the sudden surge of non-soluble rock tunnel is that the water and debris stored in the broken zone or weak zone are triggered by excavation or blasting disturbance to flood into the tunnel under the action of its own pressure. Its pregnant and dangerous environment must have material condition, space condition and trigger condition at the same time. The material condition is sufficient water and gravel, sand, mud and so on, the space condition is the breaking zone or weak zone of the storage and migration of the outburst, and the trigger condition is the excavation disturbance and blasting disturbance of the rock mass. The prediction of sudden surge disaster during the construction of non-soluble rock tunnel is to identify the material composition and consolidation degree of the broken or weak zone and its inner zone which can hold potential surge in front of the face. Then, according to the material and space conditions of the sudden surge disaster, a comprehensive advanced prediction system based on geology, geophysical exploration and drilling is given, and the reflection amplitude ratio in the seismic wave reflection method (TGP) is established in combination with practice. Seismic dynamic response of anomalous geological bodies with wave axis similarity and other parameters. Finally, the above results are applied to the prediction of F17 fault fracture zone in front of rock tunnel. Through macroscopic engineering geological analysis and geological investigation and test of excavated section, the statistical and mechanical characteristics of surrounding rock are dynamically traced throughout the tunnel. Through long distance TGP detection, short distance ground penetrating radar and horizontal borehole detection in unexcavated section, the tunnel will identify the pregnant and dangerous environment of sudden surge disaster, and realize the accurate location of fault fracture zone location, scale and space distribution. To confirm the material composition and cementation degree in the zone, successfully predict the occurrence of sudden surge accident. It has been proved by practice that the technical system mentioned above can predict the sudden surge disaster of non-soluble rock tunnel, and the results are accurate and reliable, and can be used as reference for similar projects.
【作者单位】：武汉大学土木建筑工程学院;福建省高速公路建设总指挥部;中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室;河南省交通规划勘察设计院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41202227)
【分类号】：U456.3

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