山区公路洪灾孕灾环境分区及危险性评价

发布时间：2018-06-20 16:01

本文选题：孕灾环境 + 危险性评价　；参考：《重庆交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：山区公路作为特殊的带状工程，其经历路线长，各路段面临地形地貌、气象水文等条件复杂多样，导致山区公路洪灾发生频繁，多处山区公路基础设施被毁，对交通运输造成极大经济损失，因此山区公路洪灾防治问题很突出。论文依托重庆市自然科学基金项目《山区公路山洪灾害综合风险精细评估研究》，把巴南区11个乡镇作为研究区，对其进行公路洪灾孕灾环境分区及危险性评价；在此基础上，对研究区域示范公路国道G65、省道S415进行公路洪灾分析，得到研究区示范公路路段洪灾孕灾环境分区图及危险性评价结果。利用灾变理论，对公路洪灾孕灾环境及危险性评价指标进行取舍选择，运用专家意见构造判断矩阵，采用层次分析法确定各指标权重值。利用ArcGIS的空间分析功能对研究区公路洪灾各指标基础数据进行数字化提取，得到孕灾环境及洪灾危险性指标信息，利用GIS制图功能绘制不同指标单要素图层。以孕灾环境及危险性指标数据库为基础，采用多因素综合指数分区模型，，基于乡镇行政区，对研究区进行公路洪灾孕灾环境分区及危险性分区，此外对研究区示范公路路段进行孕灾环境分区及危险性分区。论文研究区为重庆市巴南区的11个乡镇，基于公路洪灾乡镇区域孕灾环境及危险性区划理论及分区模型，得出各指标指数范围值，依据该值的临界域进行孕灾环境及危险性分区。其中孕灾环境分区结果：危险区面积238.73km2，占区域面积21.16%；高易发区面积248.66km2，占区域面积22.04%；中易发区及低易发区占区域面积56.8%。危险性评价分区结果：高危险区面积435.16km2，占区域面积38.57%；中危险区面积360.57km2，占区域面积31.96%；低危险区及微危险区占区域面积29.46%。在此基础上，论文以国道G65、省道S415作为示范公路，得到公路各路段孕灾环境及危险性综合指数，据此对其分区。其中公路洪灾孕灾环境分区结果：危险区里程16.58km，占示范公路总里程20.31%；高易发区里程9.46km，占示范公路总里程11.59%；中易发区及低易发区占示范公路总里程68.10%。公路洪灾危险性评价分区结果：高危险区里程10.27km，占示范公路总里程12.58%；中危险区里程45.41km，占示范公路总里程55.64%；低危险区及微危险区占示范公路总里程31.78%。
[Abstract]:As a special zonal project, mountain highway has a long route, various terrain and landforms, meteorological and hydrological conditions, which lead to frequent flood disasters and the destruction of many mountain highway infrastructure. Traffic and transportation caused great economic losses, so the mountain highway flood prevention problem is very prominent. On the basis of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation project "study on the comprehensive risk assessment of mountain highway mountain torrents", this paper takes 11 villages and towns in Banan as research areas to carry out environmental zoning and risk assessment of highway flood disaster prevention, on the basis of which, Based on the analysis of flood disaster of the national highway G65 and the provincial highway S415 in the study area, the zoning map of flood disaster prevention environment and the risk assessment results of the model highway section in the study area were obtained. The disaster theory is used to select the evaluation index of disaster environment and risk of highway flood disaster, the judgment matrix is constructed by expert opinion, and the weight value of each index is determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). By using the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS, the basic data of highway flood index in the study area are extracted digitally, and the disaster environment and flood risk index information are obtained. The mapping function of GIS is used to draw the single element map layer of different indexes. Based on the database of disaster environment and risk index, the multi-factor comprehensive index partition model is used to divide the environment and risk of highway flood disaster in the study area based on the township administrative region. In addition, the study area demonstration road sections of the disaster environment and hazard zoning. The research area of this paper is 11 villages and towns in Banan district of Chongqing. Based on the theory of disaster environment and risk regionalization and zoning model, the index range of each index is obtained. According to the critical region of this value, the disaster environment and risk zoning are carried out. The results showed that the area of risk area was 238.73km2, the area of high risk area was 21.16km2, the area of high risk area was 248.66km2, the area was 22.040.The area of middle and low risk area was 56.8. The results of risk assessment were as follows: the area of high risk area was 435.16km2, the area of area was 38.57, the area of middle risk area was 360.57km2, and the area of low risk area was 31.96km2, and the area of low risk area and micro-risk area was 29.46. On this basis, the paper takes G65 and S415 as demonstration roads, obtains the comprehensive index of disaster environment and risk of each section of highway, and divides them according to them. The results showed that the mileage of dangerous area was 16.58km, the mileage of demonstration highway was 20.31, the mileage of high susceptible area was 9.46km, the mileage of demonstration highway was 11.59km, the mileage of model highway was 68.10km in middle susceptible area and low prone area. The results of highway flood risk assessment are as follows: the mileage of high risk area is 10.27km, the total mileage of demonstration highway is 12.58, the mileage of middle dangerous area is 45.41km, the total mileage of demonstration highway is 55.64km, and the mileage of low risk area and microhazard area is 31.78.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P694;U412.22

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