低碳公路路线设计关键参数研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 00:55

本文选题：低碳公路 + 路线设计参数　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，随着大气中CO2浓度的不断升高，全球气候变暖问题日益严峻，由此引发的各种自然灾害频发，严重威胁到人类的生存环境和安全。世界各国都在积极采取措施，共同应对全球气候变化问题，不断加大节能减排力度，走绿色低碳发展之路。公路交通运输行业的CO2排放量巨大，且随着公路通车里程和汽车保有量的不断增加，公路碳排放有不断增长的趋势。通过制定合理的路线设计参数，对于降低公路碳排放水平，实现经济效益增长和区域环境协调发展具有重要意义。近几年，国内外学者纷纷投入低碳公路的研究，本文主要做了以下工作：（1）分析了车型与CO2排放系数、车辆运行速度、交通量、圆曲线半径、路面面层特性、纵曲线坡度和坡长、绿化带植物碳汇等与公路运营期碳排放密切相关的影响因素；对路线设计关键参数中的车辆运行速度和纵曲线坡度进行了重点研究，并建立了相应的碳计量公式；完善了已有的公路运营期碳计量模型和绿化带植物碳汇计量方法。（2）以公路运营期碳排放为母序列，，各个路线设计关键参数为子序列，进行了灰色关联分析，得到了公路路线设计关键参数的低碳关联度。从小到大排序依次为：路面平整度＜圆曲线半径＜纵曲线坡度＜车辆运行速度＜绿化带植物碳汇状况＜交通量，进一步确定了需要重点研究的路线设计关键参数为：车辆运行速度和纵曲线坡度。（3）建立了车辆运行速度和纵曲线坡度分别与交通事故率、车辆运输成本、路基土石方数量以及旅客节约时间效益之间的变化关系，及相应的函数预测方程。分析了公路路线设计多目标优化问题，建立了多目标优化数学模型。借助MATLAB优化工具箱，运用fgoalattain函数调用格式，采用目标规划法，编程求解得到了不同车型优化后的路线设计关键参数——车辆运行速度和纵曲线坡度的取值。（4）分析了公路建设主体和环境监督主体之间的博弈过程，建立了完全信息静态博弈模型。研究了博弈模型中的收益函数，包括：土石方填挖工程量、路面日常养护费用、交通事故费用、公路碳交易收入、绿化带植物碳汇效益等。建立了支付矩阵，求解得到了纯策略纳什均衡解和混合策略纳什均衡解，给出了公路建设过程中的最优低碳建设策略和最优环境监督策略。通过以上研究，得到了公路路线设计关键参数的碳计量方法，对于定量测算公路运营期碳排放具有重要意义。运用MATLAB编程实现路线设计多目标优化过程，得到了路线设计关键参数的最优值，可以为公路设计部门编制路线设计规范提供科学指导。通过博弈模型的研究，得到了公路低碳建设和环境监督最优策略，可以为低碳公路建设者提供决策支持。研究成果对于降低公路碳排放水平，并在一定程度上降低公路交通事故率、提高公路建设经济效益、降低公路运输成本，以及实现公路交通运输的可持续发展都具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years , with the increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere , the problem of global warming is becoming more and more serious , the natural disasters caused by natural disasters are threatening the living environment and security of mankind . All the countries in the world are actively taking measures to jointly deal with the global climate change problem . The emission of CO2 in the highway transportation industry is significant . In recent years , the scholars in the world have invested in the research of low - carbon highway . In recent years , scholars at home and abroad have invested in the research of low - carbon highway . In recent years , the following work has been done :

( 1 ) The influence factors of vehicle model and CO2 emission coefficient , vehicle running speed , traffic volume , circle curve radius , pavement surface layer characteristic , longitudinal curve slope and slope length , green belt plant carbon sink and so on are analyzed .
The running speed and the slope of the longitudinal curve in the key parameters of the route design are studied , and the corresponding carbon measurement formula is established .
The existing carbon measurement model of highway operation period and the method of carbon sink measurement of green belt plants are perfected .

( 2 ) Based on the emission of carbon in the operation period of the highway as the parent sequence , the key parameters of each route design are sub - sequences , the grey correlation analysis is carried out , and the low - carbon correlation degree of the key parameters of the highway route design is obtained . From the small to large , the key parameters of the route design which need to be studied are as follows : the running speed of the vehicle and the slope of the longitudinal curve .

( 3 ) The relationship between the vehicle running speed and the slope of the longitudinal curve is established , and the relation between the traffic accident rate , the vehicle transportation cost , the number of subgrade earthwork and the time - saving effect of the passenger is established . The multi - objective optimization problem of the highway route design is analyzed , and the multi - objective optimization mathematical model is established . With the aid of the MATLAB optimization toolbox , the target planning method is adopted to solve the route design key parameter _ vehicle running speed and the longitudinal curve slope after the optimization of different models .

( 4 ) The game process between the main body of highway and the main body of environmental supervision is analyzed , and a complete information static game model is established . The income function in the game model is studied .

Through the above research , the carbon measurement method of the key parameters of the highway route design is obtained , which is of great significance for the quantitative calculation of the carbon emission during the operation period of the highway . The optimal value of the key parameters of the route design is obtained by using MATLAB programming to realize the optimal value of the key parameters of the highway design department .
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U412.32

【参考文献】