基于驾驶人行为特性的道路交通拥塞演变规律研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 18:57

本文选题：驾驶人 + 行为特性　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着汽车保有量的迅速增长,交通拥塞问题日益加剧,极大的影响了驾驶安全和运行效率。国内外学者较多着眼于交通拥塞对某方面驾驶人行为特性(如针对操作行为特性、视觉特性或生理心理特性)影响的研究,以寻求道路交通资源与车辆运行之间的博弈平衡,而忽略了驾驶人行为特性对交通拥塞演变过程影响研究。本文从驾驶人行为特性对交通拥塞演变过程的影响这一新视角出发,结合驾驶人驾驶行为特性,分别从驾驶人视觉特性、生理心理特性、操作行为特性、道路交通拥塞空间分布情况、路段交叉口实地调查等方面,系统性的分析了驾驶人行为特性与交通拥塞的交互作用关系与基于驾驶人行为特性交通拥塞点宏观分布,构建了基于驾驶人行为特性交通拥塞病态扩散模型等,研究了基于驾驶人行为特性的道路交通拥塞控制方法。采用定性分析与定量研究、数理建模与微观研究到宏观分析等相结合研究方法和“测试分析—交互研究—理论建模—方法探讨—推广应用”的技术路线,最终完成本篇论文。本篇论文主要完成了以下工作： (1)完成了道路交通拥塞情况下的驾驶人视觉特性分析与驾驶人生理心理特性分析。根据已有数据对驾驶人视觉特性的数据深入进行了相关分析,分析了有关视觉特性指标(注视指标、扫视指标、眨眼指标等)、生理心理特性指标(脑电波指标、呼吸指标、血容量指标、心率指标等)。得到了不同道路交通拥塞状况下的各个指标的变化趋势图,在一定程度上,为研究如何通过这些指标的调整来达到缓解交通拥塞的问题起到了很好的铺垫作用。 (2)通过对昆明市道路交通拥塞情况下的驾驶人操作特性进行录像,提取了有关数据,分析了有关操作特性指标(方向盘角度指标、刹车次数指标、油门踏板角度指标、踩离合器次数指标等)。主要通过分析驾驶人操作特性的主要指标在交通拥塞环境下发生的变化,从而分析其对交通拥塞演变以及二次交通拥塞产生的影响,从而得到由于不良驾驶人操作行为,对交通拥塞演变过程的贡献情况。 (3)对昆明的主干路网进行了有关交通拥塞空间分布的数据采集,主要通过百度地图实时路况分析功能,选取节假日、工作日12小时的数据采集,对相关道路交通拥塞情况进行观察、分析,从而得到道路交通拥塞的空间分布。以此来分析,由于路况信息实时发布,对驾驶人路径选择行为造成的影响,而因此分析由于驾驶人路径选择行为对其它路段可能产生交通拥塞的潜在因素,尤其是高峰小时出现多数路段普遍性交通拥塞的至因分析。 (4)通过周期性交通拥塞高峰小时移动车调查、交通拥塞路段调查、交通拥塞交叉口调查的方法,分析了道路交通拥塞时间分布数据采集与微观交通流特性的关系。 (5)根据驾驶人视觉特性、心理生理特性、操作行为和交通拥塞之间的关系以及其他方面,给出了基于驾驶人行为特性的道路交通拥塞预防及其控制方法,并提出了道路交通拥塞环境驾驶行为规范建议。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of car ownership, traffic congestion is becoming more and more serious, which greatly affects driving safety and efficiency. Many scholars at home and abroad focus on the influence of traffic congestion on the behavior characteristics of a certain driver (such as operating behavior, visual characteristics or physiological and psychological characteristics) in order to seek road traffic resources and The game balance between vehicle operation is ignored, and the influence of driver's behavior characteristics on the evolution process of traffic congestion is neglected.
From the new angle of view of the influence of driver's behavior characteristics on the evolution of traffic congestion, this paper systematically analyzes driver's behavior in aspects of driver's visual characteristics, physiological and psychological characteristics, operational behavior characteristics, traffic congestion of road traffic, and intersection field investigation. For the interaction relationship between characteristics and traffic congestion and the macro distribution of traffic congestion points based on driver behavior, a traffic congestion model based on driver behavior characteristics is constructed, and the road congestion control method based on the behavior of driver is studied. Qualitative analysis and quantitative research, mathematical modeling and microcosmic analysis are adopted. The methods of combining macro analysis and the technical route of "test and analysis - Interactive Research - theoretical modeling approach - popularization and application" are studied and the final thesis is completed.
The main work of this paper is as follows:
(1) the driver's visual characteristics and the driver's physiological and psychological characteristics are analyzed in the case of road traffic congestion. According to the data of the driver's visual characteristics, the relative analysis of the driver's visual characteristics is carried out, and the related visual characteristics (fixation index, saccade index, blinking index, etc.), physiological and psychological characteristics (brain wave finger) are analyzed. Standard, respiratory index, blood volume index, heart rate index and so on. The change trend map of various indexes under different traffic congestion conditions has been obtained. To a certain extent, it has played a very good paving effect for the study of how to alleviate traffic congestion through the adjustment of these indexes.
(2) through video recording of driver's operating characteristics under the traffic congestion of Kunming City, the relevant data are extracted, and the related operating characteristics (steering wheel angle index, brake frequency index, throttle pedal angle index, frequency index of stepping clutch, etc.) are analyzed. The main indexes of the driver's operating characteristics are mainly through the traffic analysis. The changes in the congestion environment and the influence of the traffic congestion and the two traffic congestion are analyzed, and the contribution of the bad driver to the process of traffic congestion is obtained.
(3) the spatial distribution of traffic congestion in the main road network of Kunming was collected, mainly through the analysis function of real-time road condition of Baidu map, selected holidays and 12 hours data collection of working day, observed and analyzed the traffic congestion of the related road, thus obtained the spatial distribution of road traffic congestion. The impact of road condition information on the driver's path selection is analyzed, and the potential factors that may cause traffic congestion in other sections due to driver path selection are analyzed, especially in the peak hours.
(4) the relationship between the data collection of the traffic congestion time distribution and the characteristics of the microscopic traffic flow is analyzed through the investigation of the periodic traffic congestion peak hour mobile vehicle, the traffic congestion section investigation and the method of traffic congestion intersection investigation.
(5) according to the driver's visual characteristics, psychological and physiological characteristics, the relationship between operational behavior and traffic congestion and other aspects, the road traffic congestion prevention and control method based on the driver's behavior characteristics are given, and the suggestion of road traffic congestion environmental driving behavior is proposed.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.265

【参考文献】