特大城市公共交通系统结构关键问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 04:18

本文选题：特大城市 + 公共交通　；参考：《西南交通大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：随着中国城镇化进程不断加快,城镇人口规模不断增长,中国特大城市的发展面临越来越大的挑战,特别是不断加剧的城市拥堵以及空气污染问题,其中一个重要的因素在于城市机动车的无序增长。中国特大城市的发展的现实紧迫性决定了必须确立以城市公共交通系统作为城市交通的主体地位。另一方面,中国特大城市的公共交通发展的实践存在诸多困局与发展误区,其中一个重要原因就是城市公共交通系统规划缺乏对一系列的深层次的关键结构问题的研究,主要包括用地层面、需求层面和供给层面等三个层面的关键结构问题。因此,本文尝试在公共交通系统结构的研究框架下对中国特大城市的公共交通系统结构的关键问题进行研究分析。从基于公共交通的土地利用优化,公共交通出行需求分析和供给协调优化三个角度对上述的三个层面的关键问题进行研究。对我国特大城市公共交通系统发展所面临的结构性的问题进行了一次有益的研究,为公共交通系统规划提供了一定的理论基础,对于更好地实现公共交通优先发展的战略目标具有积极意义。本文主要包括以下研究内容：(1)开篇阐明了文章所要研究的关键问题,明确了研究对象,并对已有的国内外研究进行分类综述并进行述评,对国内外特大城市公共交通系统结构发展的相关案例进行了简要阐述,为论文的研究提供实证支持；明确特大城市公共交通系统结构所涉及的相关定义与内涵,指出公共交通系统结构除公共交通方式结构之外,应当基于公共交通供需理论增加涵盖公共交通出行需求结构和配置供给结构两个概念。(2)基于公共交通系统结构的土地利用优化。本文主要针对了公共交通用地层面的用地开发强度“均匀分布”的关键结构问题,以土地利用开发强度为指标,研究了基于公共交通系统结构的用地优化模型。首先通过构建基于微分方程Logistic非线性模型的公共交通与土地利用的互馈分析模型研究了公共交通与土地利用的发展模式的确定；对基于公共交通的用地价格的空间差异化分布通过建立基于双层回归的价格特征模型(BLR-HPM)进行研究,为土地开发的差异化结构性开发提供经济分析依据；最后基于前面的研究基础上,选取了公共交通交通相关主管运营的政府部门(同时代表用地开发受益方,公共交通供给方两者)和公共交通出行者两个优化模型主体,构建了基于双层优化模型的公共交通与土地利用的复合优化模型。(3)基于站点用地的公共交通出行需求分析。本文主要针对了公共交通需求分析中的用地因素输入指标的“均质化”,而忽略了公交需求本身存在着用地的空间差异化分布的问题。因此本文首先研究利用结构方程模型(SEM)揭示了公共交通站点用地会对出行行为(出行距离、出行时间、出行频率)产生的用地空间差异化的影响关系,进一步以此为基础,提出了基于站点用地空间加权的公共交通站点直接需求的最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)模型,并通过采用动态改变惯性权重的自适应粒子群算法(DCW-APSO)对模型进行了求解,该模型的提出简化了样本数据规模,同时提高了模型精度,对于公共交通站点客流量需求分析是有力的模型补充。(4)基于出行链的公共交通出行需求分析。本文主要针对了公共交通需求分析中的出行过程分析的“单一化”的问题,偏离了真实出行过程的“链式结构”。出行链摒弃了传统交通行为模型中表征每一次出行的单一性和孤立性,真实揭示城市交通出行全过程的连续性特征。本文通过构建基于出行链的出行空间分布的最大熵模型和基于出行链的出行方式交叉NL组合选择模型,为出行需求分析提供了更接近真实出行过程和更高模型解释能力的模型工具。(5)公共交通配置供给结构的协调优化研究。本文主要针对的是公交配置供给过于单一侧重追求某一种公交方式的“单一化”的结构问题。本章从结构协调优化的角度对公共交通的配置供给的总体布局模式,并对各种主要的公共交通方式的供给特性进行研究。对于城市轨道交通影响下的常规道路公交线网的局部优化调整进行了双层优化模型的研究,模型结果通过交通模型软件分配到实际网络中,显示取得了较好的客流效果。
[Abstract]:With the continuous acceleration of urbanization and the continuous growth of urban population, the development of China's megaccities is facing more and more challenges, especially the worsening urban congestion and air pollution. One of the important factors is the unordered growth of urban motor vehicles. The urgency of the development of China's megacities is determined. It is necessary to establish the main position of urban public transport system as urban traffic. On the other hand, there are many misunderstandings and development misunderstandings in the practice of the development of public transport in Chinese megacities. One of the important reasons is that the urban public transportation system planning lacks the research on the key structural problems in the deep level. The key structural problems of three levels, such as the land level, the demand level and the supply level, are included. Therefore, this paper tries to study and analyze the key problems of the public transport system structure in China's megacities under the framework of public transport system structure. This paper studies the key issues of the above three levels by three angles of analysis and supply coordination and optimization. A beneficial study is carried out on the structural problems facing the development of the public transport system in megacities in China, which provides a theoretical basis for public transport system planning to better realize the priority of public transport. The strategic objectives of the exhibition are of positive significance. This article mainly includes the following research contents: (1) the key issues are clarified in the beginning of the article, the object of the study is clarified, and the existing domestic and foreign research is reviewed and reviewed, and the related cases of the development of the public transportation system in large cities at home and abroad are briefly introduced. This paper provides empirical support for the research of the paper, and defines the relevant definitions and connotations of the structure of the public transportation system in megacities, and points out that the public transport system structure, in addition to the public transport mode, should be based on two concepts, which are based on the theory of public transportation supply and demand, to cover the demand structure and the allocation structure of public transportation. 2) land use optimization based on public transportation system structure. This paper focuses on the key structure problem of "uniform distribution" of land use development intensity on the land level of public transportation. The land use and development intensity is used as the index to study the land use optimization model based on the structure of public transportation system. First, the differential equation Logis is constructed. The mutual feed analysis model of public transport and land use of TiC nonlinear model studies the development model of public transportation and land use; the spatial differentiation distribution of land price based on public transportation is studied by building a price characteristic model based on double regression (BLR-HPM), for the differential structure of land development In the end, based on the previous research, two optimization models of public transportation and transportation are selected, such as land development beneficiaries, public transport providers, and public traffic travelers, and the public transportation and soil based on the double layer optimization model are constructed. The complex optimization model of land use. (3) the analysis of public transportation travel demand based on site land. This paper mainly focuses on the "homogenization" of the input index of land use factors in the analysis of public transportation demand, and neglects the problem of spatial differentiation distribution in the use of the bus demand itself. The process model (SEM) reveals the impact of land space differences on travel behavior (travel distance, travel time, travel frequency). Based on this, the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) model of direct demand for public transport sites based on site space is proposed. The adaptive particle swarm optimization (DCW-APSO) is used to solve the model, which simplifies the size of the sample data and improves the model accuracy. The analysis of the passenger traffic demand in public traffic stations is a powerful model supplement. (4) the travel demand analysis based on the travel chain. This paper mainly focuses on the "simplification" problem in the analysis of travel process in the analysis of public transportation demand, and deviates from the "chain structure" of the real trip process. The trip chain abandons the singleness and isolation of each trip in the traditional traffic behavior model, and reveals the continuity of the whole process of urban traffic travel. The maximum entropy model of travel space distribution based on travel chain and the cross NL combination selection model based on trip chain are constructed, which provides a model tool for travel demand analysis which is closer to the real trip process and higher model interpretation ability. (5) the coordination and optimization of the supply structure for public transportation allocation is studied in this paper. It is the "simplification" structure problem that the supply of public transport is too single to pursue a kind of public transport mode. This chapter from the angle of structure coordination and optimization of the overall layout of the distribution of public transport supply model, and Research on the supply characteristics of the main public transport mode. The local optimization of the road bus network is studied by the double optimization model. The results of the model are allocated to the actual network by the traffic model software, which shows the better effect of passenger flow.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U12

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