轨道交通与常规公交衔接优化关键问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 13:52

本文选题：城市交通 + 轨道交通　；参考：《长安大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：随着国民经济的快速发展，城市中机动车的保有量不断增加。自20世纪80年代以来，我国许多大中城市都不同程度地存在着交通拥堵、交通事故、环境污染等城市问题。因此，建立多种交通方式互相协调的综合客运交通体系、优化完善交通系统功能至关重要。近几年来，，轨道交通修建大规模兴起，逐步形成以轨道交通为骨架的公共交通运输体系。要充分发挥轨道交通的优越性，提高城市居民出行的效率，就要不断提升各种交通运输方式之间的优化衔接，提高换乘效率。各种交通方式的无缝衔接，主要体现在各类设施的完善性和方便程度，通过建立一体的交通换乘系统，提高城市交通系统的效率，可以减少出行时空消耗。因此，有必要对城市轨道交通的换乘体系进行研究。为此，本文结合已有的研究成果，在充分分析城市居民出行交通方式选择的基础上，从优化公交衔接线路发车时刻，给居民提供换乘优惠等方面进行研究，以期从管理、运营角度来提高轨道交通与常规公交换乘效率。文章的主要研究内容为：（1）从换乘行为产生的机理、心理影响及客观影响因素进行分析，结合轨道交通网络下居民出行数据分析了交通方式选择的相关因素，研究结果认为，居民的交通方式选择与年龄、职业、收入、出行目的、支付方式以及时间和费用相关性比较高，并基于效用最大化原则建立了轨道交通换乘方式选择模型，从模型分析可知，在交通方式的选择上，居民更多的还是考虑出行的方便性和经济性。（2）针对轨道交通与常规公交的特点，分析了衔接空间布局优化的机理，提出换乘衔接空间布局优化模型与交通设计方法，首先确定衔接换乘空间布局模式，再建立功能区域空间布局优化模型并求解；衔接交通组织与设计则是在功能空间均已确定的情况下，对于路径的选择与通道的设计，实现无冲突的衔接。（3）以有效接驳轨道交通为目标，优化发车间隔、缩短乘客换乘时间，改善公共交通的服务水平，实现两种交通方式之间的衔接优化。以乘客的总等待时间最小和发车班数最少为目标，以换乘时间、满载率、衔接公交发车间隔等为约束，建立公交衔接发车时间优化模型，并采用遗传算法进行求解。该模型能在资源配置一定的情况下，较大幅度的提高车辆运营效率，实现常规公交与轨道交通的有效衔接。（4）分析了轨道交通出行成本和常规公交出行成本，要实现和吸引更多的居民换乘常规公交，采用票价的优惠的政策，有利于降低换乘乘客的出行成本、优化公交票价结构、建立紧密高效的公交网络体系、减少私人交通出行并提升城市交通运行效率。论文引入经济学中有关社会福利的概念，在分析轨道交通与常规公交生产者剩余相关概念的基础上，建立了以社会福利（包括消费者剩余和生产者剩余）最大化为目标，考虑了弹性需求的影响，建立了优化函数，该模型表明实施换乘优惠后，消费者剩余和生产者剩余都有增加，兼顾了运营企业和出行者的利益。（5）轨道交通与常规公交衔接换乘评价模型的建立。城市轨道交通与常规公交的有效衔接换乘，从布局衔接、调度衔接票及价衔接三个方面构建综合评价指标体系，在确定出各评价指标及其权重系数的基础上，运用广义效用函数法，分别计算出各方案的广义效用函数值，建立衔接换乘优化方案评价模型。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the national economy, the number of motor vehicles in the city is increasing. Since 1980s, many large and middle cities in China have some urban problems, such as traffic congestion, traffic accidents, environmental pollution and so on. Therefore, a comprehensive passenger transport system which is coordinated with each other is established to optimize and improve the traffic. The function of the system is very important.
In recent years, the construction of rail traffic has been built on a large scale, and the public transport system with rail traffic as the skeleton is gradually formed. To give full play to the advantages of rail traffic and to improve the efficiency of urban residents' travel, it is necessary to continuously improve the connection between various transportation modes and improve the transfer efficiency. The seamless rank of various traffic modes It is mainly embodied in the perfection and convenience of all kinds of facilities. Through the establishment of an integrated transportation transfer system, the efficiency of urban transportation system can be improved and the time and space consumption of travel can be reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to study the transfer system of urban rail transit. Therefore, this paper, combining the existing research results, analyzes urban residents fully. On the basis of the choice of travel mode, the research is carried out from the aspects of optimizing the departure time of the bus connection line and providing the residents with the transfer preferences in order to improve the transfer efficiency of the rail transit and the conventional bus from the management and operation point of view. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
(1) from the analysis of the mechanism, the psychological influence and the objective influencing factors produced by the transfer behavior, the related factors of the transportation mode selection are analyzed in combination with the travel data under the rail transit network. The results of the study show that the correlation of the choice of traffic mode with age, occupation, income, travel purpose, payment method, and time and cost is compared. High, and based on the principle of utility maximization, the selection model of rail transit transfer mode is set up. From the model analysis, it can be seen that more people still consider the convenience and economy of travel in the choice of traffic mode.
(2) in view of the characteristics of the rail transit and the conventional bus, the mechanism of the optimization of the connecting space layout is analyzed, the spatial layout optimization model and the traffic design method are put forward. First, the spatial layout mode of the connecting transfer is determined, and then the spatial layout optimization model of the functional area is established and solved. The connecting traffic organization and design is in the function empty. With the established conditions, there is no conflict between path selection and channel design.
(3) in order to effectively connect the rail transit as the target, the departure interval, the passenger transfer time, the service level of the public transport are improved, and the connection optimization between the two kinds of traffic modes is realized. The minimum waiting time of the passengers and the least number of traffic classes are taken as the objective, and the constraints of the transfer time, the full load rate and the bus departure interval are established. The model can be solved by genetic algorithm. This model can greatly improve the efficiency of vehicle operation and realize the effective connection between the bus and the rail transit under the condition of a certain resource allocation.
(4) to analyze the travel cost of rail transit and the regular bus travel cost, to realize and attract more residents to transfer to regular bus and to adopt the preferential policy of ticket price, it is beneficial to reduce the travel cost of the passengers, optimize the structure of bus fare, establish a close and efficient public network system, reduce the private transportation and improve the urban exchange. In this paper, the concept of social welfare in economics is introduced. On the basis of the analysis of the concept of the residual correlation between the rail transit and the conventional public transport producer, the objective is to establish the social welfare (including consumer surplus and producer surplus), and the effect of elastic demand is considered, and the optimization function is established. After transfer concessions, both consumer surplus and producer surplus increase, taking into account the interests of operators and travelers.
(5) the establishment of the evaluation model of the link and transfer of the rail transit and the conventional bus. The effective convergence and transfer of urban rail transit and the conventional bus, the comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed from the three aspects of the layout connection, the dispatching connection ticket and the price connection. On the basis of determining each evaluation index and its weight coefficient, the generalized utility function method is used respectively. The generalized utility function values of each scheme are calculated, and the evaluation model of optimal transfer plan is established.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U12

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