利用数字图像处理技术监测隧道变形的探索研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 18:16

本文选题：图像处理 + 隧道变形　；参考：《广东工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：隧道具有缩短交通距离、对环境影响较小等优点,因此广泛应用于城市地铁、穿山越岭或越江铁路、公路及水利等工程。然而,由于隧道处于复杂的地质条件环境,隧道施工安全灾害事故时有发生,造成重大的人员伤亡和经济损失。现有的监测方法受现场条件限制,往往不能很好反映隧道变形情况或不便于推广应用。随着科学技术的进步,数字图像的分辨识别技术不断提高且用途越来越广泛。本文对利用数字图像处理技术监测隧道变形的理论和方法进行了探讨,主要工作内容如下： (1)对目前隧道变形监测方法的国内外发展和研究现状进行了详细阐述,指出了当前监测方法的局限性；同时,对数字图像处理技术应用于隧道变形监测的国内外发展与研究现状进行了详细分析,得出该方法存在的问题,提出了本文研究的数字图像处理技术监测隧道变形主要内容。 (2)通过对数字图像处理技术等理论进行了简要的论述,讨论了拟合法与重心法这两种目标标志点图像亚像素定位方法,并编写了目标标志点图像亚像素定位程序,且通过实验数据验证了像素坐标提取的可靠性与准确性；阐述了数字图像处理技术监测隧道变形方法的原理、镜头畸变的影响及标定像元的方法。 (3)利用相机进行了一系列的探索研究,比较重心亚像素定位法与拟合亚像素定位法这两种目标图像标志点定位法,得出重心定位法的精度较高；得出目前镜头畸变对目标分辨率的影响是不明显的；标定长度的大小对目标分辨率的影响较小,可以忽略；同时摄影距离一定时,目标分辨率与焦距成反比关系。 (4)通过模拟隧道内的环境并进行监测实验,验证了在一定条件下利用数字图像处理技术监测隧道变形的方法量测水平位移和垂直位移的精度均小于±0.5mm,符合《城市轨道交通工程测量规范》(GB50308-2008)水平位移±3mm、垂直位移±0.5mm的精度要求。通过深入的理论和实验研究,可知利用数字图像处理技术监测隧道变形是可行的,且精度较高。该方法还存在不足之处：在实际隧道复杂的环境中,应保证成像设备安装的稳定性,且保持成像平面与隧道断面平行。
[Abstract]:The tunnel has the advantages of shortening traffic distance and less environmental impact, so it is widely used in urban subway, mountain crossing or river crossing railway, highway and water conservancy projects. However, because the tunnel is in the complex geological environment, the tunnel construction safety disaster accident often occurs, resulting in heavy casualties and economic losses. The existing monitoring methods are limited by the field conditions and often can not reflect the tunnel deformation or can not be popularized. With the development of science and technology, the technology of digital image resolution and recognition has been improved and used more and more widely. In this paper, the theory and method of monitoring tunnel deformation using digital image processing technology are discussed. The main contents are as follows: (1) the development and research status of tunnel deformation monitoring methods at home and abroad are described in detail. The limitations of current monitoring methods are pointed out, and the development and research status of digital image processing technology in tunnel deformation monitoring at home and abroad are analyzed in detail, and the problems in this method are obtained. In this paper, the main contents of digital image processing technology for monitoring tunnel deformation are put forward. (2) the theory of digital image processing technology is briefly discussed. Two sub-pixel localization methods of target marker image are discussed, which are fitting method and barycenter method. The program of sub-pixel location of target marker image is written, and the reliability and accuracy of pixel coordinate extraction are verified by experimental data. The principle of digital image processing technology for monitoring tunnel deformation, the influence of lens distortion and the method of calibrating pixel are described. (3) A series of exploration and research are carried out using camera. Comparing the two methods of barycenter sub-pixel location and fitting sub-pixel localization, the accuracy of the barycenter positioning method is higher, and the influence of lens distortion on the target resolution is not obvious. The effect of the calibration length on the target resolution is small and can be ignored. At the same time, the target resolution is inversely proportional to the focal length when the camera distance is fixed. (4) the environment in the tunnel is simulated and the monitoring experiment is carried out. It is verified that the accuracy of measuring horizontal displacement and vertical displacement is less than 卤0.5 mm under certain conditions by using digital image processing technology to monitor tunnel deformation, which conforms to the horizontal displacement 卤3 mm and vertical position of Urban Rail Transit Engineering Survey Code (GB50308-2008). The accuracy requirement of shift 卤0.5mm. Through deep theoretical and experimental research, we can see that it is feasible to use digital image processing technology to monitor tunnel deformation, and the accuracy is high. In the complex environment of the actual tunnel, the stability of the installation of the imaging equipment should be guaranteed, and the imaging plane should be kept parallel to the tunnel section.
【学位授予单位】：广东工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U456.3

【引证文献】