基于城市交通网络的历史街区交通组织与管理研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 03:00

【摘要】：阮仪三曾说：历史街区是城市的记忆和内涵，它像一位年近古稀的老人，静静地站立在现代化的喧嚣都市中，在周围现代文明的包夹之下，神情依然坚毅却已疲惫不堪。历史街区担当旅游、商业、交通和居住区等很多功能，各种交通流在此相互交织，导致历史街区交通秩序混乱，成为区域性路网的瓶颈。通过优化历史街区路网结构和交叉口管理控制来缓解历史街区交通拥挤已刻不容缓。城市交通组织与管理理论目前已很成熟，然而在历史街区这个特殊的地段受制于原有狭窄的路网体系，行人和非机动车交通量比重较大，且存在相当部分保护建筑，一般城市交通组织与管理理论已经很难适用。本文首先对西安多个历史街区进行实地调研，总结历史街区各种典型的道路横断面形式及其相对应的交通特征，结合历史街区道路影响因素对BPR阻抗模型进行了数学形式上的改进，分别建立基于历史街区的内部单行路、双向行驶道路和外围连通道路的阻抗模型。并利用matlab编程辅助对模型进行参数标定，，建立基于历史街区特点的道路阻抗函数。其次，调查发现在街区主要道路拥堵不堪时，很多支路却未被充分利用。通过分析历史街区路段的交通特点和实施单向交通的合理性，提出将支路的单向交通组织作为缓解历史街区交通压力的有效管理措施。给出了依据构圈定向法对道路网单向交通定向并改进的基本流程；利用前文得出的道路阻抗函数并按Wardrop第一原理进行交通分配，设计了借助matlab用仿射尺度梯度投影算法对交通分配模型求解的算法。最后以西安市湘子庙历史街区为例，提出单向交通组织优化方案，应用Transcad软件反推得出OD矩阵并对分配模型求解进行实证分析，优化后历史街区路网流量分布更加均衡，最后考虑路网顺畅性提出改进方案并对其分析评价。再次，针对历史街区交叉口混合交通流和人流量比重大等特点，提出交叉口机动车、非机动车和行人空间优化设计方法；提出行人专用相位优化方案，对行人绿灯最小时间进行了研究；以行人交通流为基础进行信号控制方案设计，提出机动车交通流绿灯“迟起、早断”并给出其时间计算公式，并兼顾非机动车流，给出非机动车“早起、早断”时间计算公式。最后以后宰门交叉口为例，提出了交通空间优化和信号控制方案，结合vissim和synchro软件对方案进行仿真和评价。最后，本文提出了历史街区交通组织与管理其他方面的建议。本研究得到国家自然科学基金的资助。
[Abstract]:Nguyen Yi-san once said: the historic block is the memory and connotation of the city. It is like an old man who is nearly old, standing quietly in the bustling modern city, surrounded by modern civilization, with a look of firmness and weariness. Historical blocks play a lot of functions such as tourism, commerce, traffic and residential areas. All kinds of traffic flow intertwine each other, which leads to the chaos of traffic order in historical blocks and becomes the bottleneck of regional road network. It is urgent to improve the traffic congestion of historic blocks by optimizing road network structure and intersection management and control. At present, the theory of urban traffic organization and management is very mature. However, in this special section of historical district, it is restricted by the original narrow network system, the proportion of pedestrian and non-motorized traffic volume is large, and there are quite a few protected buildings. General urban traffic organization and management theory has been difficult to apply. This article first carries on the field investigation to the Xi'an many historical blocks, summarizes the historical district each kind of typical road cross section form and the corresponding traffic characteristic, This paper improves the BPR impedance model based on the influence factors of the historic block road, and establishes the impedance model of the internal single road, the two-way driving road and the peripheral connected road based on the historical block respectively. The parameters of the model are calibrated with matlab programming, and the road impedance function based on the characteristics of historical blocks is established. Second, the survey found that many bypass roads are underutilized when the main street is congested. Based on the analysis of the traffic characteristics of historical blocks and the rationality of one-way traffic, the paper puts forward that the one-way traffic organization of branch roads should be taken as an effective management measure to alleviate traffic pressure in historical blocks. The basic flow chart of one-way traffic orientation and improvement of road network is given according to the method of circle orientation, and the traffic assignment is carried out according to the first principle of Wardrop by using the road impedance function obtained in the previous paper. An algorithm for solving traffic assignment model using affine scale gradient projection algorithm (matlab) is designed. Finally, taking Xiangzimiao historical block in Xi'an as an example, the paper puts forward a one-way traffic organization optimization scheme, and applies Transcad software to get the OD matrix and analyze the distribution model. The optimized traffic distribution of the historical block road network is more balanced. Finally, considering the smoothness of the road network, the improvement scheme is put forward and analyzed and evaluated. Thirdly, in view of the characteristics of mixed traffic flow and large proportion of people flow at the intersection of historic blocks, the optimization design method of vehicle, non-motor vehicle and pedestrian space at the intersection is put forward, and the special phase optimization scheme for pedestrians is put forward. The minimum time of pedestrian green light is studied, the signal control scheme is designed on the basis of pedestrian traffic flow, the green light of motor vehicle traffic flow is put forward, and the formula for calculating the time of green light is given, and the non-motor vehicle flow is taken into account. The formula for calculating the time of "getting up early and breaking early" for non-motor vehicles is given. Finally, taking Houzhaimen intersection as an example, the traffic space optimization and signal control scheme are proposed, and the scheme is simulated and evaluated with vissim and synchro software. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions on traffic organization and management in historical blocks. This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491

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