几个典型隧道火灾问题研究进展

发布时间：2018-07-21 19:36

【摘要】：由于隧道数量的增加和隧道火灾造成的人员伤亡和财产损失巨大,隧道消防安全的研究一直是个热点问题。鉴于目前隧道火灾基础理论方面所开展的研究尚需深入细化,本文分析总结了几个隧道火灾基础问题的研究进展情况,主要包括隧道火灾的最高温度、火焰长度计算及隧道内温度衰减、火灾烟气回流和临界风速模型的演化等,较系统地总结了目前隧道火灾的几个主要研究方面的成果,指出了以往研究的一些不足之处。分析结果表明:目前对隧道火灾的研究主要集中于隧道内温度场特性、隧道内纵向风火灾发展的影响以及对隧道火灾烟气控制的研究。然而在隧道火灾基础理论方面所开展的研究还不够系统,因此要有效利用已有的可靠数据,对交通隧道火灾进行更加基础性和系统性地研究。需要进一步研究的内容包括:1)目前隧道火焰长度模型主要用于自由燃烧及机械通风影响下的隧道火灾,对于采用自然通风或横向通风的隧道,其火焰长度模型还有待进一步研究。2)当前的烟气回流模型多是通过小尺寸实验或较小火源功率实验进行验证,对于火源功率较大时烟气回流距离的函数关系是否仍然成立尚需进一步验证。3)由于限制风速较临界风速在控制烟气回流的同时可保持烟气层的稳定,更有利于火灾扑救和人员疏散,但目前关于限制风速的计算模型还未被提出,其与隧道几何尺寸的定量关系还需进一步研究。4)国内外对隧道火灾的研究主要是基于小尺寸模型,虽然得到了不少结论,澄清了很多现象,但是缺乏大规模火灾实验数据的验证,还要进行更多大尺寸或全尺寸实验来验证这些理论。5)对于UTLT类隧道的烟气蔓延与控制目前只进行了一些小尺寸实验研究,不能很好地指导该类隧道的防火设计,亟需进一步的理论研究和大尺寸实验验证。
[Abstract]:Due to the increase of tunnel number and the huge casualties and property losses caused by tunnel fire, the study of tunnel fire safety has always been a hot issue. In view of the fact that the research on the basic theory of tunnel fire still needs to be further refined, this paper analyzes and summarizes the research progress of several tunnel fire foundation problems, mainly including the maximum temperature of tunnel fire. The calculation of flame length and temperature attenuation in tunnel, the evolution of fire smoke reflux and critical wind speed model, etc., systematically summarize the main research achievements of tunnel fire at present, and point out some shortcomings of previous research. The results show that the current researches on tunnel fire mainly focus on the characteristics of temperature field in tunnel, the influence of longitudinal wind fire in tunnel and the study on smoke control of tunnel fire. However, the research on the basic theory of tunnel fire is not systematic enough, so it is necessary to make use of the available reliable data to study the traffic tunnel fire more fundamentally and systematically. The contents that need further study include: (1) the current tunnel flame length model is mainly used for tunnel fires under the influence of free combustion and mechanical ventilation, and for tunnels with natural or transverse ventilation, The flame length model needs to be further studied. 2) most of the current flue gas reflux models are verified by small scale experiments or small fire source power experiments. Whether the functional relation of flue gas reflux distance is still valid when the power of fire source is high still needs to be verified further. 3) because limiting wind speed is more critical than critical wind speed, it can maintain the stability of flue gas layer while controlling flue gas reflux. It is more favorable for fire fighting and evacuation, but the calculation model of limiting wind speed has not been put forward at present, and the quantitative relationship between it and tunnel geometry needs further study.) the research of tunnel fire at home and abroad is mainly based on small size model. Although many conclusions have been drawn, and many phenomena have been clarified, there is a lack of verification of large-scale fire experiment data. More large-scale or full-scale experiments are also carried out to verify these theories.) for the smoke spread and control of UTLT tunnels, only some small-scale experimental studies have been carried out, which can not well guide the fire prevention design of this kind of tunnels. It needs further theoretical research and large scale experimental verification.
【作者单位】：北京工业大学建工学院;中国人民武装警察部队学院消防指挥系;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“新型UTLT类隧道火灾烟气输运特性与优化控制研究”(51178015)
【分类号】：U458;U492.83

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