轨道交通影响下的常规公交线网优化及其应用研究
发布时间：2018-07-23 16:35
【摘要】：随着我国城镇化的快速发展,城市公共交通需求和基础设施供给之间的矛盾越来越突出。城市交通拥挤问题不仅影响到人们的正常生活,也严重制约着一个城市的经济发展。因此,在城市化进程中,迫切需要解决不断增加的公共交通需求所引起的矛盾。城市轨道交通作为解决大城市交通拥挤问题的途径之一,正在我国主要的大城市被广泛推广。但是,轨道交通的线网密度及覆盖率受到一定的限制,所以要能充分发挥其大容量、高效率等优势,必须要借助其它交通方式的配合。在我国城市综合公共交通体系中,一般是先有常规公交,后有轨道交通。为了使常规公交与轨道交通能一起构成城市协调发展的综合公共交通运输系统,就必须对常规公交线网重新进行优化,使两者能有机结合、相互补充、共同发展成多元化的城市综合公共交通系统。为了研究城市轨道交通出现后常规公交线路的优化问题,本文以成都市公共交通线网系统为背景,针对接驳轨道交通的常规公交线网优化问题,主要开展了以下四方面的研究：第一,为了分析轨道交通对常规公交乘客选择出行方式的影响,基于出行时间最少为出行方式选择的目标,用Dijkstra算法寻找出行时间最短的路径,使用MATLAB软件实现对轨道交通影响下的常规公交客流量OD矩阵的算法设计,可以对配合轨道交通的公交线网的优化提供基础数据。该方法与传统的重力模型相比,避免了估计阻抗系数的复杂过程。研究结果表明,如果是基于换乘次数的最少化为决策目标,则对原来的客流OD数据影响不大。第二,在两类主要的非集计模型—Logit和Probit模型的基础上,构建了一类组合交通工具选择概率模型。然后对出行人交通方式选择概率进行估算,从而重新估计在城市轨道交通出现后,对出行人公交客流分配的选择。数值计算表明,组合预测方法可以较好弥补单纯使用Logit和Probit模型的不足。第三,基于出行人总花费时间最少的目标,对平行于城市轨道交通的常规公交线路的站点数目优化设置问题进行了研究。在沿城市轨道交通或者公交线路的出行人均匀分布的假设下,得到了最优站点数目公式。研究结论表明站点数目设置与公交线路上的运行速度成正向变化关系。同时,常规公交站点与轨道交通站点的同一位置的设置未必是最优的选择。这就要求在轨道交通建立后,有必要重新对常规公交站点进行优化配置,从而使得轨道交通与常规公交一起到达最大的运输效用,最大程度上满足不同出行人的需求。第四,在对不同区位城市轨道交通车站换乘客流(预测估计)分析的基础上,以乘客平均出行时间最小化、公交集团的营运成本最小化的多目标,建立了接驳城市轨道交通的常规公交线路的优化模型,分别分析了垂直于轨道交通的常规公交线路密度,以及平行于轨道交通的常规公交线路密度及其站点设置等优化问题,并设计了对应的遗传算法求解该多目标问题,最后利用算法对成都市地铁1号线和2号线出现后,沿线公交线路的优化问题进行了计算分析。综上所述,本文的研究为解决轨道交通出现后,如何估算城市公共交通客流OD矩阵变化提出了新的模型和算法。包括单线站点优化模型和多线网的优化模型。研究结论对于建立高效的城市轨道交通接驳系统,形成城市轨道交通与常规公交协调统一的城市综合公共交通体系,具有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the contradiction between the demand of urban public transportation and the supply of infrastructure is becoming more and more prominent. The problem of urban traffic congestion not only affects the normal life of people, but also seriously restricts the economic development of a city. Therefore, in the process of urbanization, it is urgent to solve the increasing demand for public transportation. As one of the ways to solve the problem of traffic congestion in large cities, urban rail transit is widely popularized in major cities in China. However, the line network density and coverage of rail transit are limited, so it is necessary to give full play to its large capacity, high efficiency and other advantages. In the urban comprehensive public transportation system in China, the general public transport system is generally first, and then there is rail traffic. In order to make the regular public transport and rail transit to constitute the coordinated development of the comprehensive public transportation system, the conventional bus network must be re optimized, so that the two can be organically combined, complementary and common development. In order to study the optimization of public transit lines after the emergence of urban rail transit, this paper takes Chengdu public transport network system as the background to study the problem of conventional bus network optimization for rail transit. The following four aspects are mainly carried out: first, to analyze the track. The influence of traffic on the choice of travel mode of regular bus passengers is based on the least travel time as the choice of travel mode. Dijkstra algorithm is used to find the shortest route of travel time. MATLAB software is used to design the calculation method of OD matrix of regular bus traffic under the influence of rail traffic, which can be used for the bus line network with rail traffic. This method provides basic data. Compared with the traditional gravity model, this method avoids the complex process of estimating the impedance coefficient. The results show that if the number of transfer times is minimized to the decision goal, it has little influence on the original OD data. Second, the basis of the two types of non centralized model, the basis of the model of Logit and Probit, is the basis. On the other hand, a type of combined traffic tool selection probability model is constructed. Then the probability of travel mode selection is estimated, and the selection of passenger traffic distribution is reestimated after urban rail transit. The numerical calculation shows that the combined prediction method can make up for the shortcomings of the simple use of Logit and Probit models. Third, based on the goal that the travelers spend the least time, this paper studies the optimization of the number of stations in the conventional bus lines parallel to urban rail transit. The optimal number of stations is obtained under the assumption of the uniform distribution of urban rail transit or bus routes. The results show that the number of stations is set up. At the same time, there is a positive change in the running speed of the bus line. At the same time, the setting of the same position between the regular bus station and the rail transit station is not necessarily the best choice. This requires that after the establishment of the rail transit, it is necessary to optimize the distribution of the conventional bus stations, so that the rail transit and the conventional bus will reach the most. The large transport utility maximizes the demand for different travelers. Fourth, on the basis of the passenger flow (prediction) analysis of different urban rail transit stations, the average travel time of passengers is minimized and the operation cost of the bus group is minimized, and the conventional bus routes to connect urban rail transit are established. The optimization model is used to analyze the conventional bus line density perpendicular to the rail transit, as well as the optimization problems of the conventional bus line density and site setting parallel to the rail transit, and the corresponding genetic algorithm is designed to solve the multi-objective problem. Finally, the algorithm is used for the subway line 1 and line 2 in Chengdu. In this paper, a new model and algorithm for how to estimate the OD matrix change of urban public transport passenger flow, including single line site optimization model and multi line network optimization model, is proposed. Refutation system, which forms a comprehensive urban public transport system which is coordinated by urban rail transit and conventional public transport, has certain reference value.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.17
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the contradiction between the demand of urban public transportation and the supply of infrastructure is becoming more and more prominent. The problem of urban traffic congestion not only affects the normal life of people, but also seriously restricts the economic development of a city. Therefore, in the process of urbanization, it is urgent to solve the increasing demand for public transportation. As one of the ways to solve the problem of traffic congestion in large cities, urban rail transit is widely popularized in major cities in China. However, the line network density and coverage of rail transit are limited, so it is necessary to give full play to its large capacity, high efficiency and other advantages. In the urban comprehensive public transportation system in China, the general public transport system is generally first, and then there is rail traffic. In order to make the regular public transport and rail transit to constitute the coordinated development of the comprehensive public transportation system, the conventional bus network must be re optimized, so that the two can be organically combined, complementary and common development. In order to study the optimization of public transit lines after the emergence of urban rail transit, this paper takes Chengdu public transport network system as the background to study the problem of conventional bus network optimization for rail transit. The following four aspects are mainly carried out: first, to analyze the track. The influence of traffic on the choice of travel mode of regular bus passengers is based on the least travel time as the choice of travel mode. Dijkstra algorithm is used to find the shortest route of travel time. MATLAB software is used to design the calculation method of OD matrix of regular bus traffic under the influence of rail traffic, which can be used for the bus line network with rail traffic. This method provides basic data. Compared with the traditional gravity model, this method avoids the complex process of estimating the impedance coefficient. The results show that if the number of transfer times is minimized to the decision goal, it has little influence on the original OD data. Second, the basis of the two types of non centralized model, the basis of the model of Logit and Probit, is the basis. On the other hand, a type of combined traffic tool selection probability model is constructed. Then the probability of travel mode selection is estimated, and the selection of passenger traffic distribution is reestimated after urban rail transit. The numerical calculation shows that the combined prediction method can make up for the shortcomings of the simple use of Logit and Probit models. Third, based on the goal that the travelers spend the least time, this paper studies the optimization of the number of stations in the conventional bus lines parallel to urban rail transit. The optimal number of stations is obtained under the assumption of the uniform distribution of urban rail transit or bus routes. The results show that the number of stations is set up. At the same time, there is a positive change in the running speed of the bus line. At the same time, the setting of the same position between the regular bus station and the rail transit station is not necessarily the best choice. This requires that after the establishment of the rail transit, it is necessary to optimize the distribution of the conventional bus stations, so that the rail transit and the conventional bus will reach the most. The large transport utility maximizes the demand for different travelers. Fourth, on the basis of the passenger flow (prediction) analysis of different urban rail transit stations, the average travel time of passengers is minimized and the operation cost of the bus group is minimized, and the conventional bus routes to connect urban rail transit are established. The optimization model is used to analyze the conventional bus line density perpendicular to the rail transit, as well as the optimization problems of the conventional bus line density and site setting parallel to the rail transit, and the corresponding genetic algorithm is designed to solve the multi-objective problem. Finally, the algorithm is used for the subway line 1 and line 2 in Chengdu. In this paper, a new model and algorithm for how to estimate the OD matrix change of urban public transport passenger flow, including single line site optimization model and multi line network optimization model, is proposed. Refutation system, which forms a comprehensive urban public transport system which is coordinated by urban rail transit and conventional public transport, has certain reference value.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.17
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相关期刊论文 前10条
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