有机硅乳液在沥青路面预防性养护中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-08-25 15:11

【摘要】：沥青路面的预防性养护指的是在沥青路面还没有出现较大病害之前在合适的时机对路面运用恰当的方法进行养护，采用封层材料对路面进行预防性养护在世界范围内广泛兴起。有机硅材料由于其主链无机键能高达425kJ/mol，侧链为有机烷基均匀排列，而具有良好的防水性能和耐候性。因此本文选取了四种有机硅材料研究他们路用性能的差异，并确定了最适宜路面养护的有机硅材料。此外，本文还将这种材料与市场上主要的功能性预防性养护材料做对比，分析了有机硅材料与这些材料的养护效果差异。首先，文中通过冻融循环、渗水系数、接触角及粘附功试验分析了四种有机硅预防性养护材料的防水性能。结果表明：经过四种有机硅材料处理的沥青混合料防水性能明显优于未经处理的。其主要防水机理有两点：首先，有机硅材料通过渗透作用，进入到沥青混合料的空隙中，固化成膜后，形成网状结构抑制水分进入混合料内部；其次，水分在有机硅材料表面的接触角较大、粘附功较低，在有机硅材料表面很难铺展，流动水几乎不会在材料表面滞留。通过对沥青混合料防水性能的进一步分析发现，，丙基硅/辛基硅共聚乳液和丙基硅/辛基硅和纳米二氧化硅共聚乳液的防水性能明显优于低聚甲基硅树脂原液及其乳液，其主要原因在于其碳链较长，疏水性能较好。第二，通过动态剪切流变仪器和红外光谱测试四种材料处理后的沥青胶结料紫外老化前后的性能，来研究四种材料的耐紫外老化性能。结果表明：经过丙基硅/辛基硅共聚乳液与其与纳米二氧化硅的共混液处理后的沥青胶结料在紫外老化以后，粘度较低，低温复合模量小，极限疲劳温度较低，相位角较大，低温应力松弛性能较好，羰基老化因子较小。说明这两种材料能更好地降低紫外线对沥青混合料的老化影响。第三，上述结论表明丙基硅/辛基硅共混乳液与其与纳米二氧化硅的共混液的防水性能和耐紫外老化性能明显优于另外两种材料。此外，根据成本分析，丙基硅/辛基硅共聚乳液价格为其与纳米二氧化硅共混液的1.86倍，且两种优选材料的防水性能和耐紫外老化性能相差很小，因此本文将成本和性能都较为优越的丙基硅/辛基硅乳液与纳米二氧化硅共混液作为四种材料中最适宜路面养护的预防性养护材料。最后，将丙基硅/辛基硅乳液与纳米二氧化硅共混液与市面上应用较为广泛的溶剂型材料Rjseal和水性材料CAP的路用性能做了对比。发现这三种材料均能将沥青混合料的渗水系数降至50ml/min以下；通过浸水车辙试验发现有机硅材料对沥青混合料抗水损害能力的提高更大；通过抗油污试验发现有机硅材料抗油污效果更好；通过耐紫外老化试验发现，有机硅乳液材料处理的沥青胶结料耐紫外老化能力最强，要得益于有机硅材料主链上Si-O键键能较大，化学性能稳定，而其他两种材料在对沥青再生的过程中，会导致沥青胶结料耐老化能力的下降，在进行再次老化之后，沥青胶结料的低温性能会迅速下降；沥青混合料的三点弯曲和间接拉伸疲劳试验，也显示有机硅乳液材料的耐紫外老化能力最佳，能降低紫外线对混合料的低温疲劳及抗裂性能的影响；最后，通过抗滑能力测试发现，使用三种材料以350g/m2的用量对沥青混合料进行养护，沥青混合料的抗滑能力变化很小。
[Abstract]:Preventive maintenance of asphalt pavement refers to the use of appropriate methods to maintain the pavement at the right time before the asphalt pavement has not been seriously damaged. Preventive maintenance of asphalt pavement using sealing materials has been widely springing up all over the world. In this paper, four kinds of silicone materials are selected to study their differences in road performance and determine the most suitable silicone materials for pavement maintenance. In addition, this material is compared with the main functional preventive maintenance materials on the market, and the results are analyzed. The difference between curing effect of silicon material and these materials is different.
Firstly, the waterproofing performance of four silicone preventive curing materials is analyzed by freeze-thaw cycle, water permeability coefficient, contact angle and adhesion work test. The results show that the waterproofing performance of asphalt mixture treated with four silicone materials is obviously better than that of untreated asphalt mixture. After curing, the network structure is formed to inhibit moisture from entering the mixture. Secondly, the contact angle of moisture on the surface of organic silicon material is large, the adhesion work is low, it is difficult to spread on the surface of organic silicon material, and the flowing water will hardly stay on the surface of the material. Further analysis of the waterproof performance showed that the waterproofing properties of the copolymer emulsion of propyl silicon / octyl silicon and propyl silicon / octyl silicon and nano silica copolymer were obviously better than that of the oligomeric silicone resin emulsion and its emulsion, mainly due to its long carbon chain and good hydrophobicity.
Second, through the dynamic shear rheometer and infrared spectrum, the properties of the four kinds of materials treated by UV aging before and after treatment of the four materials were tested to study the ultraviolet aging resistance of the four materials. After aging, the viscosity is low, the modulus of low temperature composite is small, the ultimate fatigue temperature is low, the phase angle is large, the low temperature stress relaxation performance is good, and the carbonyl aging factor is small.
Third, the above conclusion shows that the waterborne and UV aging properties of the propylsiloxane / octyl silicone blend emulsion and its nano silica blend are significantly better than those of the other two materials. In addition, according to the cost analysis, the price of the propylsiloxane / octyl silicone copolymer emulsion is 1.86 times that of the nano two silicon oxy silicone blend, and two kinds of preferred materials. The difference between waterproofing property and UV aging property is very small. Therefore, the polypropylene / silicon octyl silicone emulsion and nano silica blend with better cost and performance are the most suitable preventive maintenance materials for pavement maintenance in the four materials.
Finally, the road performance of propyl silicon / octyl silicone emulsion and nano silica blend is compared with that of the widely used solvent based materials Rjseal and water-based material CAP on the market. It is found that these three kinds of materials can reduce the permeability coefficient of asphalt mixture to less than 50ml/min. The resistance to water damage of the mixture was increased. The oil stain test showed that the silicone material had better anti oil effect. Through UV aging test, it was found that the asphalt cement with silicone emulsion material had the strongest UV aging resistance, and the Si-O bond of the main chain of the silicone material could be stronger and the chemical performance was stable. The other two kinds of materials will decrease the aging resistance of asphalt binder during the process of asphalt regeneration. After re aging, the low temperature properties of asphalt binder will decline rapidly. The three point bending and indirect tensile fatigue tests of asphalt mixture also show that the organic silicon emulsion material has the best UV aging resistance and can drop. The effect of low ultraviolet radiation on the low temperature fatigue and crack resistance of asphalt mixture was studied. Finally, the anti-skid ability of asphalt mixture cured with three kinds of materials at the dosage of 350g/m2 had little change.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U416.217;U418.6

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