小型螺旋式除雪车螺旋刀具和车架的设计与有限元分析

发布时间：2018-08-27 13:57

【摘要】：人工除雪费时费力，化学剂除雪污染环境，与人们日常生活联系更密切的机关、单位、学校、物业小区等地方大型除雪机械使用起来有诸多不便，但是清除浮雪的小型螺旋式除雪车在这些地方却能发挥重要作用。由于我国对除雪机械的研究起步较晚，在技术上比发达国家相对落后一些，引进或使用国外技术周期长、费用贵且不完全符合我国的环境和路况等等。因此，研发符合我国实际情况的小型螺旋式除雪车势在必行。螺旋刀具和车架是小型螺旋式除雪车的两个重要组成部分，因此，本文在查阅资料和参考相关专利的基础上，设计了螺旋刀具和车架并对其进行有限元分析，验证其可行性。主要研究内容如下：（1）分析除雪机械在不同条件下的使用情况，介绍小型螺旋式除雪车的工作原理、特点及总成。研究积雪的物理机械性能参数，，为更深入的分析研究积雪物理机械性能以及相关计算提供理论基础。（2）在微元雪粒运动力学分析基础上，研究集雪装置中螺旋刀具的参数对功耗和除雪效率的影响程度，根据分析结果选择合适参数设计集雪装置的螺旋刀具；根据车架设计的基本要求和人体尺寸标准，设计小型螺旋式除雪车的车架。（3）对集雪装置中螺旋刀具的CATIA3D模型进行有限元网格划分，建立有限元模型。对其进行模态分析，求出低阶模态的频率值与振型，解释其振型并验证与激振源是否共振。进行瞬时动力分析，求出应力分布与位移变形情况，验证其强度是否满足要求，并对其不同厚度分析结果进行对比，优选出最佳厚度。（4）对车架模型进行网格划分，建立有限元模型，对其进行弯曲工况、弯扭工况的静力分析，求出应力分布与位移变形情况，验证其是否满足要求，并对其钢管不同厚度分析结果进行对比，优选出最佳厚度。对其进行模态分析，求出低阶模态的频率值与振型，解释其振型并验证与激振源是否共振。
[Abstract]:Manual snow removal takes time and effort, chemicals snow removal pollutes the environment, and it is inconvenient to use large-scale snow-clearing machines in places such as local places, such as offices, units, schools and residential areas, which are more closely connected with people's daily lives. But small spiral snow removal vehicles that remove floating snow can play an important role in these areas. Due to the late start of research on snow removal machinery in our country, it is relatively backward in technology compared with developed countries. The introduction or use of foreign technology has a long period of time, the cost is expensive and does not fully conform to the environment and road conditions of our country and so on. Therefore, it is imperative to develop small spiral snow removal vehicles in accordance with the actual situation in our country. Helical cutting tools and frame are two important parts of small spiral snow removal vehicles. Therefore, on the basis of consulting data and referring to relevant patents, the helical cutters and frame are designed and analyzed by finite element method to verify their feasibility. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the application of snow-removing machine under different conditions is analyzed, and the working principle, characteristics and assembly of small spiral snow-removing vehicle are introduced. The study of the physical and mechanical properties of snow cover provides a theoretical basis for the further analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of snow cover and the related calculation. (2) based on the kinematic mechanical analysis of snow particles, The influence of the parameters of the spiral cutter on the power consumption and snow removal efficiency in the snow collecting device is studied. According to the results of the analysis, the suitable parameters are selected to design the spiral tool of the snow collecting device, and the basic requirements of the frame design and the human body size standard are also discussed. Design the frame of the small spiral snow removal vehicle. (3) the CATIA3D model of the spiral cutter in the snow collecting device is meshed and the finite element model is established. Through modal analysis, the frequency value and mode shape of low-order modes are obtained, and the mode shapes are explained and the resonance of the vibration source is verified. The instantaneous dynamic analysis is carried out to find out the stress distribution and displacement deformation, to verify whether the strength meets the requirements, and to compare the results of different thickness analysis to select the best thickness. (4) mesh the frame model. The finite element model is established, the static analysis of bending and torsional conditions is carried out, the stress distribution and displacement deformation are calculated, and it is verified whether it meets the requirements, and the analysis results of different thickness of steel pipe are compared to select the best thickness. Through modal analysis, the frequency value and mode shape of low-order modes are obtained, and the mode shapes are explained and the resonance of the vibration source is verified.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U418.326

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