基于交通环境因素的平面交叉口人的不安全行为研究
发布时间：2018-08-27 13:46
【摘要】：随着我国道路里程的延伸和汽车使用量的增加,交通事故发生率始终居高不下。与交叉口有关的事故占总事故数量的一半以上,不安全行为作为引发事故的直接原因受到了人们的重视。交通环境是影响人行为的因素之一,有诱导人行为的作用。因此,有必要对平面交叉口交通环境对人的不安全行为的影响进行研究,以分析其成因和规律。 本文在对国内外研究成果进行分析与总结的基础上,对平面交叉口人的不安全行为进行了研究。经实地观测,将交通不安全行为从时间和空间上进行划分,并给出了时间不安全行为和空间不安全行为的概念,对二者的内涵进行了解释。总结了交通参与者的不安全行为心理特性和行为表现。发现三类交通参与者所共有的不安全心理有侥幸心理、从众心理、求快心理、经验心理和畏惧心理。 采用录像调查法获取了四个平面交叉口的不安全行为数据,在此基础上分别对三类交通参与者的行为与交通环境的关系进行了独立性检验。结果显示,行人和车辆的行为都与区域性交通环境有关,而非机动车的时间不安全行为和交叉口进口的小区域环境无关。结合现场观察情况,从交通环境角度对人的行为差异进行了分析,并对三类交通参与者行为的成因共性进行了分析归纳：即交通参与者之间是竞争与协同并存的关系,交通不安全行为的产生是由于在道路资源的分配中个体交通空间的不合适造成的。 通过对淮南市交叉口交通冲突时间指标的统计,得到了淮南市机动车交通冲突的判定标准为：1.7TTC0.8s时为一般冲突,0TTC0.7s为严重冲突,当TTC1.7s时的交通事件不构成冲突。据此将数据分类并计算交通冲突率,得出四个交叉口的安全水平从高到低为：交叉口C平峰、交叉口C高峰、交叉口D平峰、交叉口B平峰、交叉口A平峰。分析冲突原因得知：交通空间的大小仍然是影响交通冲突的重要因素。 就交通环境和交通参与者两方面,对淮南市平面交叉口安全状况提出了改进措施。
[Abstract]:With the extension of road mileage and the increase of vehicle usage, the incidence of traffic accidents remains high. Accidents related to intersections account for more than half of the total number of accidents. Unsafe behavior is regarded as the direct cause of accidents. Traffic environment is one of the factors that influence human behavior and has the function of inducing human behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influence of traffic environment on human unsafe behavior at intersections in order to analyze its causes and rules. Based on the analysis and summary of the research results at home and abroad, the unsafe behavior of intersections is studied in this paper. Through field observation, traffic unsafe behavior is divided from time and space, and the concepts of time unsafe behavior and spatial unsafe behavior are given, and their connotations are explained. The psychological characteristics and behavior of unsafe behavior of traffic participants are summarized. It is found that there are three kinds of unsafe psychology shared by the three traffic participants: fluke psychology, crowd psychology, fast seeking psychology, experience psychology and fear mentality. The unsafe behavior data of four intersections were obtained by video survey, and the relationship between the behavior of three kinds of traffic participants and traffic environment was tested. The results show that the behavior of pedestrians and vehicles is related to the regional traffic environment, but not to the time unsafe behavior of motor vehicles and the small area environment at the intersection entrance. Based on the field observation, this paper analyzes the difference of human behavior from the point of view of traffic environment, and analyzes the generality of the three kinds of traffic participants' behaviors: that is, the relationship between traffic participants is the coexistence of competition and cooperation. Traffic insecurity is caused by the improper allocation of individual traffic space in the allocation of road resources. Based on the statistics of traffic conflict time index at intersection in Huainan city, it is obtained that the criterion of vehicle traffic conflict in Huainan city is: 1. 7TTC0.8s is a general conflict, 0. 7TTC0.7s is a serious conflict, and when TTC1.7s traffic events do not constitute a conflict. According to the classification of data and the calculation of traffic conflict rate, it is concluded that the safety level of the four intersections from high to low is as follows: C peak at intersection, C peak at intersection, D peak at intersection, B level at intersection and A level at intersection. By analyzing the causes of conflict, we know that the size of traffic space is still an important factor affecting traffic conflict. In terms of traffic environment and traffic participants, this paper puts forward some measures to improve the safety of the intersection in Huainan city.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.23
本文编号：2207473
[Abstract]:With the extension of road mileage and the increase of vehicle usage, the incidence of traffic accidents remains high. Accidents related to intersections account for more than half of the total number of accidents. Unsafe behavior is regarded as the direct cause of accidents. Traffic environment is one of the factors that influence human behavior and has the function of inducing human behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influence of traffic environment on human unsafe behavior at intersections in order to analyze its causes and rules. Based on the analysis and summary of the research results at home and abroad, the unsafe behavior of intersections is studied in this paper. Through field observation, traffic unsafe behavior is divided from time and space, and the concepts of time unsafe behavior and spatial unsafe behavior are given, and their connotations are explained. The psychological characteristics and behavior of unsafe behavior of traffic participants are summarized. It is found that there are three kinds of unsafe psychology shared by the three traffic participants: fluke psychology, crowd psychology, fast seeking psychology, experience psychology and fear mentality. The unsafe behavior data of four intersections were obtained by video survey, and the relationship between the behavior of three kinds of traffic participants and traffic environment was tested. The results show that the behavior of pedestrians and vehicles is related to the regional traffic environment, but not to the time unsafe behavior of motor vehicles and the small area environment at the intersection entrance. Based on the field observation, this paper analyzes the difference of human behavior from the point of view of traffic environment, and analyzes the generality of the three kinds of traffic participants' behaviors: that is, the relationship between traffic participants is the coexistence of competition and cooperation. Traffic insecurity is caused by the improper allocation of individual traffic space in the allocation of road resources. Based on the statistics of traffic conflict time index at intersection in Huainan city, it is obtained that the criterion of vehicle traffic conflict in Huainan city is: 1. 7TTC0.8s is a general conflict, 0. 7TTC0.7s is a serious conflict, and when TTC1.7s traffic events do not constitute a conflict. According to the classification of data and the calculation of traffic conflict rate, it is concluded that the safety level of the four intersections from high to low is as follows: C peak at intersection, C peak at intersection, D peak at intersection, B level at intersection and A level at intersection. By analyzing the causes of conflict, we know that the size of traffic space is still an important factor affecting traffic conflict. In terms of traffic environment and traffic participants, this paper puts forward some measures to improve the safety of the intersection in Huainan city.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.23
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