分布式TMD对斜拉桥减震的配置和参数优化研究
发布时间：2018-08-31 09:57
【摘要】：斜拉桥结构阻尼低、柔度大,在地震荷载作用下会导致上部结构的大幅振动,易在关键部位产生大的内力而使结构破坏失效,因此需要采取安装TMD(tuned mass dampers)等措施进行减震。作为大型空间柔性结构,斜拉桥具有复杂的静动力特性,往往表现出主频低,模态密集的特性。因此,需要采用分布式TMD以实现对结构的多阶模态振动减震,进而通过合理的方法来实现多TMD的配置和参数优化。 本文在总结国内外结构振动控制及斜拉桥减震的基础上,探讨用基于模态坐标表示的H2范数指标实现斜拉桥减震的TMD的配置优化,以及基于H2性能的梯度优化法实现分布式TMD的参数优化,并对减震效果进行分析。主要研究工作如下： 1.用基于模态坐标表示的H2范数,建立考虑了外界激励影响的针对TMD配置优化的指标,提供了一种能够实现定量分析TMD配置数量和位置的方法；建立分布式TMD对地震激励下多自由度结构实现多模态减震的力学模型,并表达为闭环静力反馈控制的形式,研究了具有较高优化效率的基于H2性能的梯度优化法,实现了对多模态调谐减震的TMD的参数同步整体优化。 2.以构建的理想三自由度密频结构为例,进行分布式TMD的优化设计。引入以控制输出分量表示的无量纲评价指标,优化得到了具有相对普适性的控制输出权重,进而利用基于H2性能的梯度优化法实现了TMD的参数优化。经过与经典TMD优化方法的对比,验证了基于H2性能的梯度优化法优化所得的TMD在针对多模态密频结构减震时具有更好的性能。 3.分别针对斜拉桥施工状态及成桥状态,建立了用于控制设计的结构模型,对斜拉桥结构动力特性和响应特征进行分析。利用基于H2范数的配置指标定量分析了TMD最优安装位置和数量,结果表明通过该指标配置的TMD数量和位置更具敏感性,并考虑了外激励的影响,达到了更好的TMD配置效果；利用基于H2性能的梯度优化法和经典方法优化了配置的TMD的参数,多个角度评价和分析了不同地震波输入时两种方法TMD的减震效果,结果表明利用基于H2性能的梯度优化法优化的TMD对频率密集的斜拉桥结构能够取得更好的减震效果。
[Abstract]:The structure of cable-stayed bridge has low damping and large flexibility, which will lead to large vibration of superstructure under earthquake load, and it is easy to produce large internal force in the key position and make the structure failure. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures such as installing TMD (tuned mass dampers) to reduce the vibration. As a large space flexible structure, cable-stayed bridges have complex static and dynamic characteristics, which often show low main frequency and dense modes. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt distributed TMD to achieve multi-modal vibration damping of the structure, and then to realize the configuration and parameter optimization of multi-TMD by reasonable methods. On the basis of summing up the vibration control of structures at home and abroad and the damping of cable-stayed bridges, this paper discusses how to optimize the configuration of TMD for cable-stayed bridges by H _ 2 norm index based on modal coordinate representation. The parameter optimization of distributed TMD is realized by gradient optimization method based on H2 performance, and the effect of damping is analyzed. The main research work is as follows: 1. Based on the H _ 2 norm expressed by modal coordinates, the optimization index for TMD configuration considering the influence of external excitation is established, and a method to quantitatively analyze the quantity and position of TMD configuration is provided. In this paper, a mechanical model of distributed TMD is established to achieve multi-mode vibration absorption of multi-degree-of-freedom structures under earthquake excitation, which is expressed as closed-loop static feedback control. A gradient optimization method based on H _ 2 performance with high optimization efficiency is studied. The parameter synchronization optimization of multimodal tuned TMD is realized. 2. Taking the ideal three degree of freedom dense frequency structure as an example, the optimal design of distributed TMD is carried out. The dimensionless evaluation index expressed by the control output component is introduced to optimize the control output weight with relative universality and then the parameter optimization of TMD is realized by using the gradient optimization method based on H2 performance. By comparing with the classical TMD optimization method, it is verified that the TMD obtained by gradient optimization based on H2 performance has better performance for multi-modal dense frequency structure. 3. According to the construction state and the completed state of cable-stayed bridge, the structural model for control design is established, and the dynamic characteristics and response characteristics of cable-stayed bridge are analyzed. The optimal installation location and quantity of TMD are quantitatively analyzed by using the allocation index based on H 2 norm. The results show that the number and position of TMD configured by this index is more sensitive, and the effect of external excitation is considered, which can achieve a better TMD configuration effect. The parameters of the configured TMD are optimized by using the gradient optimization method based on the H2 performance and the classical method. The seismic absorption effects of the two methods for different seismic wave input are evaluated and analyzed from several angles. The results show that the TMD optimized by gradient optimization method based on H _ 2 performance can achieve better damping effect on the cable-stayed bridge structures with dense frequencies.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U441.3;U448.27
本文编号：2214641
[Abstract]:The structure of cable-stayed bridge has low damping and large flexibility, which will lead to large vibration of superstructure under earthquake load, and it is easy to produce large internal force in the key position and make the structure failure. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures such as installing TMD (tuned mass dampers) to reduce the vibration. As a large space flexible structure, cable-stayed bridges have complex static and dynamic characteristics, which often show low main frequency and dense modes. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt distributed TMD to achieve multi-modal vibration damping of the structure, and then to realize the configuration and parameter optimization of multi-TMD by reasonable methods. On the basis of summing up the vibration control of structures at home and abroad and the damping of cable-stayed bridges, this paper discusses how to optimize the configuration of TMD for cable-stayed bridges by H _ 2 norm index based on modal coordinate representation. The parameter optimization of distributed TMD is realized by gradient optimization method based on H2 performance, and the effect of damping is analyzed. The main research work is as follows: 1. Based on the H _ 2 norm expressed by modal coordinates, the optimization index for TMD configuration considering the influence of external excitation is established, and a method to quantitatively analyze the quantity and position of TMD configuration is provided. In this paper, a mechanical model of distributed TMD is established to achieve multi-mode vibration absorption of multi-degree-of-freedom structures under earthquake excitation, which is expressed as closed-loop static feedback control. A gradient optimization method based on H _ 2 performance with high optimization efficiency is studied. The parameter synchronization optimization of multimodal tuned TMD is realized. 2. Taking the ideal three degree of freedom dense frequency structure as an example, the optimal design of distributed TMD is carried out. The dimensionless evaluation index expressed by the control output component is introduced to optimize the control output weight with relative universality and then the parameter optimization of TMD is realized by using the gradient optimization method based on H2 performance. By comparing with the classical TMD optimization method, it is verified that the TMD obtained by gradient optimization based on H2 performance has better performance for multi-modal dense frequency structure. 3. According to the construction state and the completed state of cable-stayed bridge, the structural model for control design is established, and the dynamic characteristics and response characteristics of cable-stayed bridge are analyzed. The optimal installation location and quantity of TMD are quantitatively analyzed by using the allocation index based on H 2 norm. The results show that the number and position of TMD configured by this index is more sensitive, and the effect of external excitation is considered, which can achieve a better TMD configuration effect. The parameters of the configured TMD are optimized by using the gradient optimization method based on the H2 performance and the classical method. The seismic absorption effects of the two methods for different seismic wave input are evaluated and analyzed from several angles. The results show that the TMD optimized by gradient optimization method based on H _ 2 performance can achieve better damping effect on the cable-stayed bridge structures with dense frequencies.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U441.3;U448.27
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