城市交通拥堵的传播及处理

发布时间：2018-09-04 18:14

【摘要】：当前经济的快速发展促使我国城市车辆保有量“井喷”式增长，而道路资源相对有限，使得各个城市出现了不同程度的拥堵现象。交通拥堵导致路网运行效率低下、交通安全等问题，反过来又制约着经济的发展。可以说，城市交通拥堵已成为公认的亟需解决的重大问题，本文将对拥堵的相关问题进行研究。首先，对城市交通拥堵的概念进行解释，并分析了拥堵现象的成因、拥堵评价指标及路网结构等。然后，引入元胞传输模型，研究由突发性事件引起的交通拥堵传播的特性。结合西安实际路网结构（方格式路网），选取以“长安立交—小寨十字路口—纬二街十字路口之间(包括两十字路口在内)—吴家坟—电视塔”这一区域来分析交通拥堵的传播特性。模拟分析渠化区长度与停车线宽度的比例对交通拥堵的传播及消散过程的影响，并总结出相应结果，为路网渠化区及停车线宽度设计提供参考。研究分析事故清除临界时间与停车线宽度的相互关系，为突发性事件的处理提供参考时间域。最后，提出了基于元胞传输模型的信号配时的方法。通过对比分析动态信号配时和固态信号配时的优缺点，选取动态信号配时作为拥堵处理的方法。并对其中的关键技术指标（如：元胞流出能力、交叉口流量预测、车辆平均延误等）的计算进行了讨论。根据西安市小寨十字交叉口的实际情况，，进行了信号优化配时的实例分析。并且进一步分析了优化信号对车辆平均延误的影响。结果表明，信号优化能使各个进口的车辆延误相对均衡，从而充分利用交叉口的空间及时间资源，提高交通运行效率，并最终达到缓解城市交通拥堵的目的。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy in our country, the amount of vehicles in cities is increasing in the form of blowout, and the road resources are relatively limited, which makes various cities appear different degree of congestion. Traffic congestion leads to low efficiency of road network and traffic safety, which in turn restricts the development of economy. It can be said that urban traffic congestion has become an important problem that needs to be solved. Firstly, the concept of urban traffic congestion is explained, and the causes of congestion, congestion evaluation index and road network structure are analyzed. Then, the cellular transport model is introduced to study the characteristics of traffic congestion propagation caused by sudden events. Combined with the actual network structure of Xi'an (grid network), the area of "Changan Interchange-Xiaozhai Crossroads-Weierjie Crossroads (including two crossroads)-Wu Jia Fen-TV Tower" is selected to analyze the Jiao Jiao Jiao. The propagation characteristics of congestion. The effects of the ratio of the length of the canalized area to the width of the parking line on the propagation and dissipation of traffic congestion are simulated and analyzed, and the corresponding results are summarized, which provide a reference for the design of the road network canalization area and the width of the parking line. The relationship between the critical time of accident clearance and the width of stop line is analyzed to provide a reference time domain for the handling of sudden events. Finally, a method of signal timing based on cellular transmission model is proposed. By comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of dynamic signal timing and solid-state signal timing, dynamic signal timing is selected as the method of congestion processing. The calculation of key technical parameters (such as cell outflow capacity, intersections flow prediction, average vehicle delay, etc.) is also discussed. According to the actual situation of Xiaozhai Cross intersection in Xi'an, a case study of optimal signal timing is carried out. Furthermore, the influence of the optimized signal on the average vehicle delay is analyzed. The results show that the signal optimization can make the vehicle delay balance relatively, make full use of the space and time resources of the intersection, improve the traffic efficiency, and finally achieve the purpose of alleviating urban traffic congestion.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.265

【参考文献】