设有联络通道的地铁区间隧道火灾通风模式及人员疏散分析
发布时间：2018-09-05 16:46
【摘要】：由于地铁隧道自身的特点，自从人类开始兴建地铁以来就存在着很多安全问题，其中地铁火灾是地铁运行中最常见的事故，他给人们的生命财产安全造成了巨大的威胁，随着客流量的增加和行车密度的加大，再加上当时在防灾设计、防火设施配置等方面的局限性，使得地铁火灾安全问题日益突出。 地铁隧道一旦发生火灾，由于其相对封闭的环境，我们只能通过合理的通风排烟方式控制火灾烟气在隧道内的蔓延，从而为乘客提供一个安全的疏散环境。针对设有联络通道的区间隧道，发生火灾时，如何有效的利用设置在两条区间隧道之间的联络通道进行人员的疏散和排烟系统设计，从而保证人员在区间隧道中的安全疏散，是值得我们深入研究的问题。本文主要对设有一个联络通道的地铁区间隧道火灾进行研究，分析了设有一个联络通道的地铁区间隧道火灾工况下的通风排烟模式以及人员疏散方式，并在总结国内外地铁区间隧道火灾通风及疏散方式研究的基础上，根据弗诺德相似准则建立了1:10小尺寸地铁区间隧道相似模型实验台，对设有联络通道的地铁区间隧道的两种典型的火灾工况进行了一系列实验研究，，实验对隧道烟气温度分布和区间隧道的送风、排烟速度进行了测量，并对烟气流动形态进行了观察。 同时，使用FDS数值模拟软件建立对应于小尺寸实验台的全尺寸地铁区间隧道模型，对设有联络通道的地铁区间隧道火灾工况下不同的通风排烟模式进行了数值模拟。并用实验结果与模拟结果相比较，证明模拟结果与实验结果的吻合程度较高。表明FDS可以用于地铁区间隧道火灾数值模拟分析。
[Abstract]:Due to the characteristics of subway tunnel itself, there have been many safety problems since people began to build subway. Subway fire is the most common accident in subway operation, and it poses a great threat to the safety of people's life and property. With the increase of passenger flow and traffic density, coupled with the limitations of disaster prevention design and fire prevention facilities, the subway fire safety problems become increasingly prominent. Once a fire occurs in a subway tunnel, due to its relatively closed environment, we can only control the spread of fire smoke in the tunnel through reasonable ventilation and exhaust, thus providing a safe evacuation environment for passengers. How to effectively use the contact passage between two interval tunnels to design the personnel evacuation and smoke exhaust system in case of fire, so as to ensure the safe evacuation of personnel in the interval tunnel. It is a problem worthy of our further study. In this paper, the fire of subway tunnel with a contact passage is studied, and the ventilation and smoke exhaust mode and evacuation mode of subway tunnel with one contact passage are analyzed. On the basis of summing up the research on ventilation and evacuation modes of subway tunnel fire at home and abroad, a similar model test bench for 1:10 subway tunnel with small size is established according to the Vernaud similarity criterion. A series of experimental studies were carried out on two typical fire conditions of subway tunnel with connection channel. The temperature distribution of flue gas and the velocity of ventilation and exhaust of the tunnel were measured. The flow pattern of flue gas was observed. At the same time, FDS numerical simulation software is used to establish the full-scale subway tunnel model corresponding to the small scale test bench, and the different ventilation and smoke emission modes under the fire condition of the subway interval tunnel with contact passage are numerically simulated. By comparing the experimental results with the simulated results, it is proved that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The results show that FDS can be used for numerical simulation and analysis of tunnel fire in subway section.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U231.96;U458
本文编号：2224851
[Abstract]:Due to the characteristics of subway tunnel itself, there have been many safety problems since people began to build subway. Subway fire is the most common accident in subway operation, and it poses a great threat to the safety of people's life and property. With the increase of passenger flow and traffic density, coupled with the limitations of disaster prevention design and fire prevention facilities, the subway fire safety problems become increasingly prominent. Once a fire occurs in a subway tunnel, due to its relatively closed environment, we can only control the spread of fire smoke in the tunnel through reasonable ventilation and exhaust, thus providing a safe evacuation environment for passengers. How to effectively use the contact passage between two interval tunnels to design the personnel evacuation and smoke exhaust system in case of fire, so as to ensure the safe evacuation of personnel in the interval tunnel. It is a problem worthy of our further study. In this paper, the fire of subway tunnel with a contact passage is studied, and the ventilation and smoke exhaust mode and evacuation mode of subway tunnel with one contact passage are analyzed. On the basis of summing up the research on ventilation and evacuation modes of subway tunnel fire at home and abroad, a similar model test bench for 1:10 subway tunnel with small size is established according to the Vernaud similarity criterion. A series of experimental studies were carried out on two typical fire conditions of subway tunnel with connection channel. The temperature distribution of flue gas and the velocity of ventilation and exhaust of the tunnel were measured. The flow pattern of flue gas was observed. At the same time, FDS numerical simulation software is used to establish the full-scale subway tunnel model corresponding to the small scale test bench, and the different ventilation and smoke emission modes under the fire condition of the subway interval tunnel with contact passage are numerically simulated. By comparing the experimental results with the simulated results, it is proved that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The results show that FDS can be used for numerical simulation and analysis of tunnel fire in subway section.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U231.96;U458
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