基于GPS数据的城市交通分析系统的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-09-13 13:52

【摘要】：随着我国社会经济的快速发展和城市化进程的加快，道路交通己成为制约城市发展的重要问题，解决道路交通瓶颈己成为各级政府部门需要解决的首要任务。多年来，国内外实践经验证明，，在解决城市交通问题方面，除了要有相应的宏观交通政策予以支持，现代化的交通管理手段也是十分重要的一环。与此同时计算机技术、电子技术等高新技术的发展，也为交通管理提供了解决交通问题的新思路和新手段，为最大限度地发挥现有道路系统的工作效率提供了技术支持。发达国家交通发展实践表明，采用智能交通系统是解决交通拥堵减少交通事故、防止交通污染、提高交通管理水平的最有效的方法和手段。本文针对当前我国存在的城市交通拥堵、管理部门监管困难等情况，提出了建立基于GPS数据的城市交通分析系统这一观点，通过对采集到的车辆GPS、速度等信息进行处理和分析，得到对于城市不同路段路况的分析报告。报告主要包括道路车流量变化曲线、平均车速统计等，可以为市民合理出行以及监管部门车辆调度、城市道路规划建设提供合理的建议，推动城市道路交通建设发展。本文所述城市交通分析系统主要由数据采集、数据预处理、地图匹配和分析结果展示四部分组成，分别实现了对GPS的采集、处理、分析和分析结果网页展示，主要完成工作如下： (1)数据采集及预处理部分本文以打车软件采集的出租车数据作为数据基础，其主要包括车辆实时上传的GPS、速度和用户ID等信息。针对所有收集到的车辆交通信息进行检查、分析，对于对数据分析有干扰性质的、影响分析结果的数据进行处理。其中包括由于数据发生漂移、定位错误等造成的错误数据以及由于定位盲区、网络稳定性问题造成的数据的部分缺失，针对不同情况的异常数据进行处理，保证进行后期分析数据的正确性。 (2)数据匹配及分析部分对处理后的交通数据进行数据分析，采用决策树算法实现交通数据与电子地图的匹配，将车辆位置点匹配到对应的城市道路上。在进行完地图匹配后，针对城市不同道路上的交通数据进行总结分析，生成每日道路交通情况数据报告，包括全天候道路平均速度变化趋势，车辆流通量变化趋势和交通拥堵时间段等信息。 (3)分析结果展示部分利用JSP、JavaScript、Ajax等技术，借助highcharts.js插件实现统计结果的统计图显示，以柱状图、饼状图、曲线图的形式分别显示路段拥堵时段、路段车流量统计、路段车速变化曲线，实现对分析结果更加直观的展现。综上所述，本文所述城市交通分析系统可以实现城市出租车GPS交通信息的分析，并得到道路拥护时段统计、车流量变化曲线等数据，为市民出行提供合理建议，也可以为城市监管部门合理调度出租车以及城市建设部门合理规划道路交通给予合理的建议。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's social economy and the acceleration of urbanization, road traffic has become an important problem that restricts the development of cities, and solving the bottleneck of road traffic has become the primary task that government departments at all levels need to solve. Over the years, the experience at home and abroad has proved that in solving urban traffic problems, in addition to the corresponding macro-traffic policies to support, modern traffic management is also a very important part. At the same time, the development of high and new technology, such as computer technology and electronic technology, also provides new ideas and means for traffic management to solve traffic problems, and provides technical support for maximizing the working efficiency of existing road systems. The practice of traffic development in developed countries shows that intelligent traffic system is the most effective way to solve traffic congestion and reduce traffic accidents, prevent traffic pollution and improve traffic management level. In view of the current situation of urban traffic congestion in our country and the difficulty of supervision by the management department, this paper puts forward the idea of establishing the urban traffic analysis system based on GPS data, and through processing and analyzing the collected information such as the speed of vehicle GPS, etc. Get the analysis report of different sections of the city road condition. The report mainly includes the change curve of road traffic flow, average speed statistics and so on. It can provide reasonable advice for the public to travel reasonably, the regulation department vehicle scheduling, urban road planning and construction, and promote the development of urban road traffic construction. The urban traffic analysis system described in this paper is composed of four parts: data acquisition, data preprocessing, map matching and analysis result display. The GPS collection, processing, analysis and analysis results are displayed on the web page, respectively. The main work is as follows: (1) in the part of data acquisition and preprocessing, this paper takes the taxi data collected by the taxi hailing software as the data base, which mainly includes the GPS, speed uploaded by the vehicle in real time and the ID information of the user. For all collected traffic information of vehicles to check and analyze, for the data analysis of the nature of interference, impact on the analysis of the results of the data processing. Including the error data caused by the drift of the data, the error of the location and the missing of the data caused by the problem of the stability of the network because of the blind area of the location. Ensure the correctness of the post-analysis data. (2) data matching and analysis part of the processed traffic data analysis, using the decision tree algorithm to achieve traffic data and electronic map matching, Match the vehicle location points to the corresponding urban roads. After map matching, the traffic data on different roads in the city are summarized and analyzed, and daily road traffic data reports are generated, including the trend of change in the average speed of roads around the clock. (3) the analysis results display part uses JSP,JavaScript,Ajax and other technology, with the help of highcharts.js plug-in to realize the statistical results of the statistical chart display, in the bar chart, pie chart, The form of the graph shows the congestion period of the road section, the traffic flow statistics of the road section, the changing curve of the speed of the road section, and realizes the more intuitive display of the analysis results. To sum up, the urban traffic analysis system described in this paper can realize the analysis of GPS traffic information of urban taxis, and get the statistics of road support period, the curve of traffic flow, and so on, which can provide reasonable suggestions for citizens to travel. It can also provide reasonable advice for urban supervision department to arrange taxi reasonably and urban construction department to plan road traffic reasonably.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U495

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