城市轨道交通与常规公共交通协调换乘模型与算法研究

发布时间：2018-10-08 10:40

【摘要】：自1971年第一条地铁线开通试运营以来的短短40余年间，我国大陆地区城市轨道交通建设和发展迅速。在城市面临可利用土地资源日益紧缺、汽车保有量年年飙升、交通状况每况愈下等恶劣因素的今天，城市轨道交通更是凭借快速、准时、大运量、单位占地省等多项独特优点，成为我国大陆大中型城市交通战略重中之重。但是，，城市轨道交通也绝非尽善尽美，在建设和发展的过程中，仍面临多种问题和挑战：首先，作为相对新型的交通运输方式，城市轨道交通在公共交通出行中的占有比例仍然较小；另外，由于造价昂贵、设计站距较远等缺点，城市轨道交通注定不可能完全承载城市公共交通客流。与此对应，即使在国内已形成规模线网的城市内，城市轨道交通线网的覆盖范围、可达性及成熟程度仍不及常规公交线网；对国内大多数建有轨道交通的城市而言，常规公交线网仍然是城市公共交通的骨干网络。因此，实现城市轨道交通与常规公交的有机结合、互相补短取长变得尤为重要，两种交通方式之间的协调换乘具有更加非凡的意义。本文首先通过分析城市轨道交通与常规公交的特性，确定以城市轨道交通为主干、常规公交垂直接驳的“鱼骨型”综合线网分布架构；其次结合系统的内涵阐述“协调”的概念，并初步确定了城市轨道交通与常规公交换乘协调的定义、目标和原则；再根据换乘枢纽的功能性和结构性，确定其对于城市轨道交通与常规公交换乘的重要性，结合“时间协调度”、“容量协调度”的概念对枢纽内的换乘协调性进行进一步分析研究。本文在对城市轨道交通、常规公交及两种交通方式换乘枢纽进行了充分探讨分析之后，引入“AHP多层次模糊综合法”的评价理论模型，并选取城市公共交通政策法规协调、城市公共交通管理机构协调、服务协调性、综合线网密度、综合线网站点覆盖率、线路重复率、换乘枢纽内时间协调度、换乘枢纽内容量协调度、城市公共交通建设和运营成本、城市公共交通运营收入等十项指标进行量化，结合AHP多层次模糊综合法对城市轨道交通与常规公共交通换乘的协调性进行评价。最后，本文选取兰州市在建的轨道交通1号线，以其与现有常规公交线网的换乘协调性分析为例，利用之前章节的研究成果进行实例演算；并对1号线建成运营之后常规公交线网的近期优化调整提出了可行性建议。
[Abstract]:Since the first subway line was put into trial operation in 1971, the construction and development of urban rail transit in mainland China has been rapid in the past 40 years. Today, when cities are facing increasing shortage of available land resources, the number of vehicles has soared year by year, and the traffic conditions are getting worse, urban rail transit has many unique advantages, such as speed, punctuality, large volume of transportation, and the province of land occupied by units, and so on. It has become the most important part of the transportation strategy of large and medium cities in mainland China. However, urban rail transit is by no means perfect. In the process of construction and development, it still faces a variety of problems and challenges: first, as a relatively new mode of transportation, The proportion of urban rail transit in public transport travel is still small; in addition, due to the high cost, design station distance and other shortcomings, urban rail transit is destined to be unable to fully carry the urban public transport passenger flow. In contrast, even in the cities where the scale network has been formed in China, the coverage, accessibility and maturity of the urban rail transit network are still not as good as those of the conventional transit network; for most cities with rail transit in China, Conventional bus network is still the backbone of urban public transport network. Therefore, it is very important to realize the organic combination of urban rail transit and conventional public transport, and it is particularly important to complement each other and take length. It is of more significance to coordinate the transfer between the two modes of transportation. Firstly, by analyzing the characteristics of urban rail transit and conventional public transportation, this paper determines the "fishbone" integrated network distribution framework, which takes urban rail transit as the main trunk and is connected vertically to conventional public transport. Secondly, combined with the connotation of the system, the concept of "coordination" is expounded, and the definition, objectives and principles of the coordination between urban rail transit and conventional public transportation are preliminarily determined, and then according to the function and structure of the transfer hub, This paper determines the importance of transfer between urban rail transit and conventional public transportation, and makes further analysis and research on the transfer coordination in the hub by combining the concepts of "time coordination degree" and "capacity coordination degree" in combination with the concept of "time coordination degree" and "capacity coordination degree". After the analysis of urban rail transit, conventional public transport and transfer hub of two traffic modes, this paper introduces the evaluation theory model of "AHP multi-level fuzzy synthesis method", and selects the coordination of urban public transport policies and regulations. Coordination of urban public transport management agencies, service coordination, integrated network density, integrated network site coverage, line repetition rate, transfer hub time coordination degree, transfer hub capacity coordination degree, Ten indexes, such as the construction and operation cost of urban public transportation, the income of urban public transportation, were quantified, and the coordination between urban rail transit and conventional public transportation was evaluated by AHP multi-level fuzzy synthesis method. Finally, this paper selects the rail transit line 1 which is under construction in Lanzhou City, taking the analysis of the transfer coordination between the line and the existing bus network as an example, and makes use of the research results of the previous chapters to carry out the example calculation. Some feasible suggestions are put forward for the near-term optimization and adjustment of routine bus network after the completion and operation of Line 1.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U12

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