基于WSN的桥梁结构损伤监测系统的研究

发布时间：2018-10-11 12:04

【摘要】：随着国家对桥梁结构设施建设投入量的不断提高，以及人们对结构安全问题的日益关注，结构损伤监测技术已成为国内外工程领域研究的热点。结构损伤监测系统也已在大型桥梁中得到了广泛应用。传统的有线监测方式由于需要大量布线，会加大监测对象的负荷，并且后期系统的维护工作也是相当麻烦的。采用无线传感器网络来实现传感器节点部署和组网，不仅可以避免接线繁琐和环境破坏的困扰，而且还可以延长信息传输的距离。通过对传感器的感知信息进行处理和分析，就能及时获得结构的受损情况，是实现桥梁结构损伤在线监测的最佳方案之一。本文针对桥梁结构多参数自动监测技术的特点，利用新型无线网络技术，设计了基于WSN的桥墩结构多通道损伤监测系统，主要研究工作如下：（1）通过对桥梁结构损伤监测背景及现状的分析，提出将WSN应用于该监测系统。采用无线通信技术ZigBee进行系统组网，设计一种基于ZigBee的双层无线传感器网络拓扑结构，来对实际大型复杂结构进行全面高效率地远程监测。（2）针对桥梁结构采集的信号的多样性，设计了一套独立的多通道传感器采集模块，，该模块的多通道设计可以将多种不同的采集信号同时发送到一个WSN节点上。系统的WSN节点、Sink节点、网关节点都采用TI公司推出的高度整合的系统级射频收发模块CC2530作为数据处理及无线收发的核心。利用CC2530优秀的RF性能、和业界标准增强8051MCU内核实现多通道数据处理及无线通信功能，增强了系统的可利用性。（3）在IAR开发平台下，运用高级语言C完成下位机软件的编程，设计符合本文要求的软件编程，包括多通道传感器采集、无线通信及串口通信部分的程序设计。上位机采用虚拟仪器LabVIEW进行人机交互界面的开发，将整个监测界面分为串口操作、参数设置、各参数显示窗口、生成独立安装程序4个部分，实现用户管理、节点选择、数据存储查询、远程监测等多种功能。（4）以桥梁的下部结构桥墩为例，模拟小车撞击桥墩，对桥墩模型进行动态冲击损伤监测试验。合理搭建车-墩撞击实验平台，并根据桥墩结构动态响应的特点优化布置传感元件，采集结构应力、应变及位移响应等参数。通过无线节点逐级发送数据至网关节点，最后再以串口通信方式发送到上位机显示。采用模式识别法，通过分析不同情况下桥墩结构的损伤特征参数，确定桥墩的损伤情况。
[Abstract]:With the increasing amount of national investment in the construction of bridge structures and the increasing attention to structural safety, structural damage monitoring technology has become a hot spot in the field of engineering at home and abroad. Structural damage monitoring system has also been widely used in large bridges. Because the traditional wired monitoring method needs a lot of wiring, it will increase the load of the monitoring object, and the maintenance work of the system in the later period is quite troublesome. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is used to implement sensor node deployment and networking, which can not only avoid the troublesome connection and environment damage, but also extend the distance of information transmission. By processing and analyzing the sensing information of the sensor, the damage situation of the structure can be obtained in time, and it is one of the best schemes to realize the on-line monitoring of the damage of the bridge structure. In this paper, according to the characteristics of multi-parameter automatic monitoring technology of bridge structure, a multi-channel damage monitoring system for pier structure based on WSN is designed by using the new wireless network technology. The main research work is as follows: (1) based on the analysis of the background and present situation of bridge structure damage monitoring, the application of WSN to the monitoring system is put forward. The wireless communication technology ZigBee is used to build the network of the system, and a two-layer wireless sensor network topology based on ZigBee is designed. (2) aiming at the diversity of the signals collected by bridge structure, a set of independent multi-channel sensor acquisition module is designed. The multi-channel design of this module can transmit different signals to a single WSN node at the same time. The WSN nodes, Sink nodes and gateway nodes of the system all adopt CC2530, a highly integrated RF transceiver module, which is developed by TI Company, as the core of data processing and wireless transceiver. Using the excellent RF performance of CC2530 and the industry standard to enhance the 8051MCU kernel to realize the multi-channel data processing and wireless communication function, it enhances the system's availability. (3) under the IAR development platform, The programming of the lower computer software is accomplished by using the high level language C, and the software program that meets the requirements of this paper is designed, including the program design of multi-channel sensor collection, wireless communication and serial communication. The host computer uses virtual instrument LabVIEW to develop the man-machine interface. The whole monitoring interface is divided into four parts: serial port operation, parameter setting, parameter display window, independent installation program, user management and node selection. Data storage and query, remote monitoring and other functions. (4) taking the substructure pier of the bridge as an example, simulating the impact of the vehicle against the pier, the dynamic impact damage monitoring test of the pier model is carried out. According to the characteristics of the dynamic response of the pier structure, the sensor elements are optimized and the structural stress, strain and displacement responses are collected. The data is sent to the gateway node through the wireless node step by step, and then sent to the host computer by serial communication mode. By analyzing the damage characteristic parameters of pier structure under different conditions, the damage condition of pier is determined by pattern recognition method.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U446;TN929.5;TP212.9

【参考文献】