基于站点换乘优化算法的智能公交实时调度系统的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-10-12 21:42

【摘要】：随着人们生活水平的提高以及城市规模和城市人口的迅猛增长，城市的交通拥挤问题越来越受到人们的重视，而公共交通作为城市公共交通设施的主要组成部分，对城市居民出行的需求分担起到了举足轻重的作用。因此改善公共交通的调度方式，是提高公共交通的使用率、解决城市交通拥挤问题的重要途径之一。然而，目前国内所提供的公交调度的方法存在着调度形式单一、平台技术滞后等问题，因此通过理念创新与技术创新相结合，建立全面、完善的综合公交调度平台势在必行。通过对国内公共交通调度平台的研究现状的分析可以看出，虽然各个公交调度平台都试图利用智能化、信息化的方式来提高自身的影响力和调度的合理化，但是在实际的操作过程中，由于乘客出行及道路交通的状况不尽相同，导致了公共交通调度平台无法做到为更多居民的出行提供便捷的服务。然而，为了更加合理的满足城市居民出行的需求，在公共交通调度平台中，车辆站点换乘问题显得越来越重要。因此，更多车辆相遇次数的研究成为当前的研究热点之一。本论文阐述了在公交调度的过程中，如何保证调度人员与公交司机之间的实时通信；如何保证更多的车辆在站点相遇，以方便乘客换乘。同时建立了区域调度换乘优化模型，该模型综合考虑了车辆驻站时间变化对两辆车是否相遇的影响，并由此提出了站点换乘优化算法，将车辆在站点的驻站时间设为一个变量，这个变量通过安装在公交车上的GPS定位装置获取。算法通过比较后一辆车与前一辆到站时间的差跟前一辆车驻站时间的大小，确定两辆车是否在站点相遇，并以车辆在区域内站点的相遇次数和总的相遇站点数作为目标函数，通过计算总的相遇次数最大值和总的相遇结点的最小值，确定每条线路上车辆的最佳发车时间。同时通过消息推送技术及时推送给调度人员和相应的公交车驾驶员，从而使乘客在站点的总体换乘时间最短，换乘成本最小。该模型利用优化的站点换乘算法求解。经实验验证，该站点换乘算法可提高区域内站点的换乘效率以及公交运营服务水平，并且缓解了城市公共交通拥堵现象，尤其是在上下班时间段。最后本文针对该站点换乘算法，在所开发的智能公交调度平台上分别对多条线路进行了多次的仿真实验研究，，并对实验结果进行了分析。结果表明，使用该站点换乘算法可以使更多车辆在站点相遇，从而更好的方便乘客换乘。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of people's living standards and the rapid growth of urban scale and population, people pay more and more attention to the problem of urban traffic congestion, and public transport is the main component of urban public transport facilities. It plays an important role in the sharing of urban residents' travel demand. Therefore, improving the dispatching mode of public transport is one of the important ways to improve the utilization rate of public transport and solve the problem of urban traffic congestion. However, at present, there are some problems in the methods of public transportation scheduling in China, such as single dispatching form and lag of platform technology. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a comprehensive and perfect comprehensive bus dispatching platform through the combination of idea innovation and technology innovation. Through the analysis of the status quo of the domestic public transportation scheduling platform, it can be seen that although each bus dispatching platform is trying to improve its influence and the rationalization of the dispatching, However, in the actual operation process, due to the different conditions of passenger travel and road traffic, the public transport scheduling platform is unable to provide convenient services for more residents. However, in order to meet the needs of urban residents more reasonably, in the public transportation scheduling platform, the problem of vehicle station transfer becomes more and more important. Therefore, more vehicle encounter times become one of the current research hotspots. This paper describes how to ensure real-time communication between dispatcher and bus driver and how to ensure more vehicles meet at the station in order to facilitate passenger transfer. At the same time, a regional scheduling and transfer optimization model is established. The model considers the influence of vehicle stop time change on whether the two vehicles meet, and puts forward a station transfer optimization algorithm, which sets the vehicle stop time at the station as a variable. This variable is obtained by the GPS locator installed on the bus. By comparing the difference between the last vehicle and the previous one, the algorithm determines whether the two vehicles meet at the station, and takes the number of encounters and the total number of encounter stations as the objective function. By calculating the maximum of the total encounter number and the minimum value of the total encounter node, the optimal departure time of the vehicle on each line is determined. At the same time, the information push technology is used to push to the dispatcher and the corresponding bus driver in time, so that the total transfer time of passengers at the station is the shortest and the transfer cost is the least. The model is solved by the optimized station transfer algorithm. The experimental results show that the transfer algorithm can improve the transfer efficiency and bus service level and alleviate the congestion of urban public transport especially during the commuting period. At last, this paper makes several simulation experiments on several lines on the intelligent bus dispatching platform, and analyzes the experimental results. The results show that the algorithm can make more vehicles meet at the station, so it is more convenient for passengers to transfer.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.17;U495;TP301.6

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