基于过程控制的货物多式联运运输决策动态优化研究

发布时间：2018-11-07 11:57

【摘要】：多式联运在全球化贸易和国际集装箱运输的快速发展下应运而生,在全球化节能降耗、运输结构多元化和以公路运输为典型的交通拥堵严峻化等趋势下迅猛发展。多式联运通过合理组合各运输方式,发挥各运输方式的优势,能有效降低运输费用和时间,是衔接物流活动的关键,对于提升服务水平、缓解交通拥堵和降低环境污染等具有重要意义。运输环境,特别是拥堵环境,其不确定性特征对运输决策有重要的影响。多式联运企业为获取最大利益,必然需要在运输过程中,依据运输环境的变化改进运输方案。因此,本文以模糊拥堵环境作为多式联运的运输环境,对其运输决策问题进行了动态优化研究。控制论是在运动和发展中考察系统,将其应用于运输决策,能确保运输过程的可控化和决策方案的精准化。本文以过程控制的思想,针对多式联运运输决策的静态优化方法的不足：运输环境固定化、运输信息不精确、缺乏对运输风险的掌控、优化方案与实际不符等,提出了基于过程控制的运输决策动态优化方法。通过分析模糊拥堵运输环境下运输过程的特点和影响运输决策的因素,构建了面向客户满意度和运输成本的模糊机会约束规划模型；在此基础上,设计了过程控制优化方案；根据运输过程,引入了基于运输决策阶段的分置过程控制环节,控制各阶段的实时运输信息的更新操作；提出了运输决策的过程控制策略及其执行准则,实现对最优运输方案的动态调整；最后,设计了基于运输过程控制的粒子群算法求解运输决策动态优化模型。通过算例仿真与分析,验证了过程控制下的优化方法以及求解算法的有效性。结果表明：过程控制动态优化下的运输方案的优于静态优化下的最优方案；在运输决策中考虑拥堵环境,降低了运输费用和时间,平衡了各运输方式的拥堵压力；从过程控制的角度进行优化,提高了在运输过程中的应急响应效率,减少了运输的外部成本,能为运输企业对运输方案进行过程控制提供决策支持。
[Abstract]:Multimodal transport emerges as the times require with the rapid development of global trade and international container transportation. It develops rapidly under the trend of globalization, energy saving and consumption reduction, diversification of transport structure and severe traffic congestion, which is typical of road transportation. Multimodal transport can effectively reduce transport costs and time by reasonably combining various modes of transport, giving full play to the advantages of each mode of transport, and is the key to linking up logistics activities. It is of great significance to alleviate traffic congestion and reduce environmental pollution. The uncertain characteristics of transport environment, especially congested environment, play an important role in transportation decision-making. In order to obtain the maximum benefit, the multimodal transport enterprise must improve the transportation scheme according to the change of transportation environment in the course of transportation. Therefore, in this paper, the fuzzy congestion environment is used as the transport environment of multimodal transport, and the dynamic optimization of its transport decision problem is studied. Cybernetics is to investigate the system in motion and development, and to apply it to transportation decision making, which can ensure the control of transportation process and the precision of decision scheme. Based on the idea of process control, this paper aims at the shortcomings of static optimization methods of multimodal transport decision, such as immobilization of transportation environment, imprecision of transportation information, lack of control of transportation risk, lack of optimization scheme and so on. A dynamic optimization method for transportation decision making based on process control is proposed. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the transportation process and the factors influencing the transportation decision in the environment of fuzzy traffic congestion, a fuzzy opportunity-constrained programming model for customer satisfaction and transportation cost is constructed, and the optimization scheme of process control is designed. According to the transportation process, the separate process control link based on the transportation decision stage is introduced to control the update operation of the real-time transportation information in each stage. The process control strategy of transportation decision and its execution criterion are put forward to realize the dynamic adjustment of the optimal transportation scheme. Finally, the particle swarm optimization algorithm based on transport process control is designed to solve the dynamic optimization model of transportation decision. Through the simulation and analysis of an example, the effectiveness of the optimization method and the solution algorithm under the process control are verified. The results show that the transportation scheme under dynamic process control is better than that under static optimization, congestion environment is considered in transportation decision, transportation cost and time are reduced, and congestion pressure of each mode is balanced. From the point of view of process control, the efficiency of emergency response in transportation process is improved, the external cost of transportation is reduced, and the decision support is provided for transportation enterprise to carry out process control of transportation scheme.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U116

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