基于元胞自动机的信号控制交叉口行人过街形式适用性研究

发布时间：2018-11-07 18:22

【摘要】：在信号控制交叉口人行横道处行人流密度较大时，行人之间相互干扰以及人车之间的冲突极为严重，影响行人及机动车运行速度，造成整个交叉路口运行效率的降低；同时，在人行横道处由于信号配时较长或过街设施设置的不足，行人等待时间过长以及从众心理等因素造成行人强行违章过街，对交叉口内正常行驶的车辆造成严重影响，给行人过街带来巨大安全隐患；因此，，采用合理的行人过街形式对信号控制交叉口机动车及行人过街的安全与效率具有重要的影响。本文以主主道路相交的双向六车道信号控制交叉口为研究对象，假设各进口道机动车双向流量相等且设有左转专用信号相位；通过信号控制交叉口行人及机动车交通特性分析，明晰行人过街人车冲突机理，建立行人机动车可插间隙模型；在经典二维元胞自动机的基础上建立机动车跟驰、慢启动及转向选择规则和行人过街行为选择、过街跟随及超越等规则，叠加形成二维人车交互运行元胞自动机模型；选取行人流量、机动车流量、右转车比例及信号配时等因素作为参变量构建仿真方案；以平均延误作为评价指标，对无行人干扰条件下的多因子相互组合的方案进行仿真并计算平均延误值，筛选出能够满足机动车通行特定服务水平的仿真方案作为合格方案；在合格方案的基础上加载行人影响因子重新仿真并计算平均延误值；根据行人过街和机动车通行服务水平确定行人过街形式适用性判别依据，在此基础上对比分析各仿真方案中的行人过街和机动车通行的平均延误值，确定多变量组合影响下的行人过街形式的适用条件,为城市基础设施建设部门及交通管理与控制部门提供一定的决策依据。
[Abstract]:When the density of pedestrian flow at signal-controlled intersection is high, the interference between pedestrians and conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles is very serious, which affects the running speed of pedestrians and motor vehicles, resulting in the reduction of the operation efficiency of the whole intersection. At the same time, due to the longer signal timing at the crosswalk or the insufficient facilities for crossing the street, the long waiting time for pedestrians and the crowd psychology caused the pedestrians to cross the street forcibly, which seriously affected the normal traffic at the intersection. Bring huge safety hidden danger to pedestrian crossing the street; Therefore, the use of reasonable pedestrian crossing form has an important impact on the safety and efficiency of vehicle and pedestrian crossing at signal-controlled intersection. In this paper, the two-way six-lane signal control intersection with the main road intersection is taken as the research object, and it is assumed that the two-way flow of the vehicle in each entrance road is equal and that there is a special signal phase for the left turn. By analyzing the traffic characteristics of pedestrians and motor vehicles at signal-controlled intersections, the conflict mechanism of pedestrians and vehicles is clarified, and the interchangeable gap model of pedestrian vehicles is established. On the basis of the classical two-dimensional cellular automata, the rules of vehicle following, slow starting and steering selection, pedestrian crossing behavior selection, crossing following and surpassing are established, and the two-dimension human-vehicle interactive cellular automata model is formed. The factors such as pedestrian flow, vehicle flow, right-turn ratio and signal timing are selected as parameters to construct the simulation scheme. Taking the average delay as the evaluation index, the multi-factor combination scheme under the condition of no pedestrian interference is simulated and the average delay value is calculated, and the simulation scheme which can meet the specific service level of the vehicle passing through is selected as the qualified scheme. Based on the qualified scheme, the pedestrian impact factor is resimulated and the average delay value is calculated. According to the level of pedestrian crossing and motor vehicle traffic service, the criterion of pedestrian crossing form applicability is determined, and the average delay value of pedestrian crossing and motor vehicle traffic in each simulation scheme is compared and analyzed on this basis. The suitable conditions of pedestrian crossing form under the influence of multivariable combination are determined, which provides a certain decision basis for urban infrastructure construction department and traffic management and control department.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.54

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