基于历史震害的桥梁地震易损性研究

发布时间：2018-11-09 16:12

【摘要】：桥梁是用来跨越天然障碍或人工障碍的构造物，也是在强烈地面运动作用下相对容易破坏的元件。我国有大量的桥梁位于地震区域，地震会给桥梁造成巨大损伤，致使交通阻断或危及交通安全。美国和日本对桥梁地震易损性分析研究得比较多，而我国对桥梁地震易损性分析的研究还可进一步完善。桥梁易损性研究可以为交通系统可靠性分析、损失评估以及桥梁加固优先级评价和地震应急决策提供必要的依据，我国迫切需要完善桥梁抗震易损性的研究。本文基于历史地震中桥梁的震害资料，进行了典型的震害分析，用多种方式对桥梁震害结果进行统计分析，绘制了桥梁地震易损性曲线并验证了其合理性，进行了易损性曲线的比较分析。论文主要完成了以下工作： 1.对国内外桥梁地震易损性分析的研究方法分类进行了较为全面的总结，对本文采用的易损性分析方法的原理进行了详细的介绍，对已有的桥梁破坏等级划分方法和标准进行了介绍。 2.对国内桥梁震害资料进行了收集整理，对典型桥梁震例进行了分析，对国内桥梁震害资料分类进行统计分析，，得到震害矩阵等统计结果。 3.按桥型和地区的差异对桥梁震害统计资料分类，以双参数对数正态分布函数作为易损性函数，分别用极大似然法或最小二乘法对参数进行估计，得到经验易损性曲线，并与直接统计结果进行对比来分析和验证易损性曲线的合理性。 4.对已获取的几组易损性曲线进行了比较，并探究其差别及其原因；另外通过易损性曲线的对比分析也指出了已获取的几组易损性曲线的各自的应用范围。
[Abstract]:Bridges are structures used to cross natural or artificial barriers, and are relatively easy to destroy under the action of strong ground motion. In China, a large number of bridges are located in the earthquake area, the earthquake will cause great damage to the bridge, causing traffic interruption or endangering traffic safety. In the United States and Japan, there are many studies on the seismic vulnerability of bridges, but the study on the seismic vulnerability of bridges in China can be further improved. The study of bridge vulnerability can provide the necessary basis for reliability analysis, loss assessment, priority evaluation of bridge reinforcement and earthquake emergency decision. It is urgent to improve the research on seismic vulnerability of bridges in China. Based on the seismic damage data of bridges in historical earthquakes, the typical seismic damage analysis is carried out, the seismic damage results of bridges are statistically analyzed in various ways, the seismic vulnerability curves of bridges are drawn and its rationality is verified. The vulnerability curves are compared and analyzed. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. The classification of seismic vulnerability analysis methods for bridges at home and abroad is summarized, and the principle of vulnerability analysis method used in this paper is introduced in detail. The existing methods and standards of bridge damage classification are introduced. 2. The seismic damage data of bridges in China are collected and arranged, the typical bridge earthquake cases are analyzed, and the statistical results of seismic damage matrix are obtained by statistical analysis on the classification of the earthquake damage data of domestic bridges. 3. According to the difference of bridge type and region, the statistical data of bridge damage are classified. The logarithmic normal distribution function with two parameters is used as vulnerability function, and the parameters are estimated by maximum likelihood method or least square method, and the empirical vulnerability curves are obtained. The rationality of the vulnerability curve is analyzed and verified by comparing with the direct statistical results. 4. In this paper, several groups of vulnerability curves obtained are compared, and their differences and reasons are explored. In addition, through the comparative analysis of vulnerability curves, the respective application scope of several groups of vulnerability curves obtained is pointed out.
【学位授予单位】：中国地震局工程力学研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U442.55

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