基于BP算法的水泥混凝土搅拌设备称量控制系统的研究

发布时间：2018-12-28 17:23

【摘要】：水泥路面以其价格便宜、使用寿命长等优点受到人们的关注。水泥混凝土搅拌站是用来生产路面混凝土的专用设备，搅拌站的性能好坏直接影响水泥混凝土成品的质量进而影响水泥路面成型后的抗折强度与使用寿命，因此研究水泥混凝土搅拌设备具有非常重要的意义。针对配料控制系统工作的实际情况，对配料控制算法进行了研究和改进。传统搅拌站采用迭代学习控制法，实际应用中发现传统迭代学习控制法的不足：迭代速度慢、相对误差波动大，在此基础上提出了基于BP神经网络的迭代控制法。设计了基于STC90C58RD+单片机称量显示控制器。选用高线性度的称重传感器；MAX9618放大器的失调电压极低，设计放大倍数为120；采用24位的ADS1256模数转换器，，独特的Σ—Δ型调制器配合PGA以及数字滤波器大大提高了转换精度，同时转换器内部集成的多路控制器克服了搅拌站各个传感器需要单独配置称量仪表的缺点，降低了控制系统的成本。介绍了每个芯片接线方案以及布线、电源、接地的抗干扰措施。设计了称重显示控制器主程序模块、键盘模块、AD转换模块、LED显示模块的软件流程，实现了各个模块的功能。并且通过Proteus仿真对设计方案进行了实验。并从实验结果中得出称重控制显示器在25%以上的量程范围内称量相对误差小于0.08%，满足规范要求，可以说相较于其他称重控制器本文设计的称重控制器称量精度更加准确。传统搅拌站水秤结构存在相当大的缺陷，较大的水击危害降低了水秤气动碟阀的使用寿命而且称量精度较低，同时鉴于外加剂掺量和水灰比对混凝土的质量有着非常大的影响，因此设计了同样适用于外加剂秤的新型水秤，内部蓄水箱能够有效减小水击危害，同时结合BP神经迭代学习法设计了相应的控制流程，提高了水称量精度。
[Abstract]:Cement pavement has attracted much attention because of its low price and long service life. Cement concrete mixing station is a special equipment used to produce pavement concrete. The performance of mixing station directly affects the quality of cement concrete finished product and then affects the flexural strength and service life of cement pavement after forming. Therefore, it is of great significance to study cement concrete mixing equipment. According to the actual situation of batching control system, the algorithm of batching control is studied and improved. The traditional mixing station adopts iterative learning control method. In practical application, the shortcomings of the traditional iterative learning control method are found: the iterative speed is slow and the relative error fluctuates greatly. On this basis, an iterative control method based on BP neural network is proposed. A weighing display controller based on STC90C58RD microcontroller is designed. The MAX9618 amplifier has a very low offset voltage and a design magnification of 120; Using 24-bit ADS1256 A / D converter, the unique 危-螖 modulator with PGA and digital filter greatly improves the conversion accuracy. At the same time, the multiplex controller integrated in the converter overcomes the shortcoming that each sensor in the mixing station needs to be equipped with weighing instruments separately, and the cost of the control system is reduced. The connection scheme of each chip and the anti-interference measures of wiring, power supply and grounding are introduced. The software flow of the main program module, keyboard module, AD conversion module and LED display module of the weighing display controller is designed, and the functions of each module are realized. The design scheme is tested by Proteus simulation. From the experimental results, the relative error of weighing control display is less than 0.08 in the range of more than 25%, which meets the requirements of the specification. It can be said that the weighing accuracy of the weighing controller designed in this paper is more accurate than that of other weighing controllers. The structure of water balance in traditional mixing station has quite big defects, the great harm of water hammer reduces the service life of pneumatic disc valve of water scale and the weighing precision is low, at the same time, considering the influence of admixture and water-cement ratio on the quality of concrete, Therefore, a new type of water scale is designed, which is also suitable for admixture scales. The internal water storage tank can effectively reduce the damage of water hammer. At the same time, combined with the BP neural iterative learning method, the corresponding control flow is designed, and the accuracy of water weighing is improved.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U415.52

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