公交调度系统设计与优化研究

发布时间：2019-01-23 08:44

【摘要】：随着社会的进步、城市的发展、经济水平的提高，城市交通问题也日渐突出，，公共交通以低能源消耗、低环境污染、低财政负担、低土地利用、低出行成本等众多优点被公认为是解决目前城市交通问题的最好方法。而公交调度是公交运营的核心内容，对公交调度系统进行设计以及优化研究是提高运营水平、改善服务质量、增强公交吸引力的关键。本文从我国目前大部分城市公交调度的现状出发，以西安市为例，从公交管理组织和公交调度现状这两个方面进行分析研究。在此基础上，指出现有公交调度系统存在的主要问题。然后分别从公交调度模式分析及策略研究、智能公交调度系统结构策略研究、公交车辆线路调度优化研究这三个方面进行深入、详细的探索。按照调度是否具备实时性，公交调度可以分为静态调度和动态调度，而按照调度组织所涉及的最小单位，公交调度又分为线路调度和区域调度。分别针对线路调度和区域调度，对其调度模式进行了对比分析和策略研究。最后指出虽然区域调度具有较好的优势，是未来发展的趋势，但是线路调度作为基础和前提，其研究也是必不可少的。结合当前大部分城市公交调度体系的现状和存在的问题，分别针对管理决策者、公交调度企业、公交出行者进行需求分析。在此基础上，分析智能公交调度系统所要达到的目标，进而进行符合各个层次需求的智能公交调度系统功能结构设计，并对其所涉及到的七个功能模块进行一一阐述。在公交车辆线路调度优化研究中，以发车时刻作为模型的变量，以公交乘客的等车时间最小、公交企业运营收益最大为目标。为保证乘客和公交运营企业双方的利益，可将其转化为一个多目标规划问题，从而将该问题抽象成一个明确的数学模型，同时考虑发车间隔和车辆平均满载率等约束条件建立模型，并采用基于遗传算法的多目标优化方法进行求解。最后选择西安市微型公交161线路作为研究对象，进行案例分析，按照模型利用matlab软件进行发车时刻表排班，并将模型求解得到的发车时刻表与现有的发车时刻表进行对比分析。
[Abstract]:With the progress of the society, the development of the city, the improvement of the economic level, the urban traffic problem is becoming more and more prominent. Public transportation has low energy consumption, low environmental pollution, low financial burden and low land use. Low travel cost and many other advantages have been recognized as the best way to solve the current urban traffic problems. Bus scheduling is the core content of public transport operation. The key to improve the operation level, improve the service quality and enhance the attraction of public transportation is to design and optimize the bus dispatching system. Based on the current situation of public transport dispatch in most cities in China, taking Xi'an city as an example, this paper analyzes and studies the management organization of public transportation and the present situation of public transportation dispatch. On this basis, the main problems existing in the existing bus dispatching system are pointed out. Then the detailed research is carried out from three aspects: the analysis of bus dispatching mode and strategy research, the structure strategy research of intelligent bus dispatching system and the research of bus vehicle route scheduling optimization. Bus scheduling can be divided into static scheduling and dynamic scheduling according to whether the scheduling is real-time or not. According to the smallest units involved in scheduling organization, bus scheduling can be divided into line scheduling and regional scheduling. In this paper, the scheduling modes of line scheduling and regional scheduling are analyzed and compared. Finally, it is pointed out that although regional scheduling has better advantages and is the trend of future development, the research of line scheduling is essential as the foundation and premise. Combined with the current situation and existing problems of most urban bus scheduling systems, the needs of management decision makers, public transport dispatch enterprises and public transport travelers are analyzed respectively. On this basis, the purpose of intelligent bus dispatching system is analyzed, and then the functional structure of intelligent bus dispatching system is designed to meet the needs of different levels, and the seven functional modules involved in it are described one by one. In the research of bus route scheduling optimization, the starting time is taken as the variable of the model, and the minimum waiting time of bus passengers and the maximum operating income of public transport enterprises are the objectives. In order to guarantee the interests of both passengers and bus operators, it can be transformed into a multi-objective programming problem, which can be abstracted into a clear mathematical model. At the same time, considering the train departure interval and the average full load rate of the vehicle, the model is established, and the multi-objective optimization method based on genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. Finally, select Xi'an mini bus 161 line as the research object, carry on the case analysis, according to the model use the matlab software to carry on the departure schedule scheduling, and compare and analyze the train departure schedule obtained by the model solution with the existing train departure schedule.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.17;U492.22

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