基于环向应变传感器的管道健康监测研究

发布时间：2019-03-22 10:37

【摘要】：随着管道运输在各领域的迅速发展,在役油气管道的安全运营日益不容忽视,定期检测已不能满足四通八达的运输管线安全需求,因此建立油气管线实时在线无损监测成为当今传感领域研究的重要方向。针对油气运输的特殊防火防爆、抗电磁干扰的需求,结合光栅光纤技术对应变、温度的高灵敏度、耐受恶劣环境、封装方式灵活等优势,本文提出一种基于光纤光栅环向应变传感器的于管道健康监测方法。第一章绪论,首先概览我国管道运输业的发展历程和未来发展趋势,由于管道老化腐蚀而引起的泄漏、爆炸等灾难性事故频频发生,讨论了研究油气管道健康监测的意义。其次列举了管道泄漏及腐蚀监测国内外研究成果以及现有检测技术的优势与缺陷。重点介绍了光纤传感技术在管道监测中的应用进展,光纤光栅传感器的工作原理与性能优势,最后提出了本文研究方向与研究内容。第二章主要内容为光纤光栅全截面应变传感器的开发与改进。文章叙述了这种传感器的设计背景,对传感器的工作原理进行了理论推导,专门为满足管道外壁的形状及变形协调开发了有效地封装和安装技术。为了保证传感器在官道上处于有效应力状态,设计了预张系统。对不同增敏效果的传感器进行了性能测试,实验证明传感器有一定的增敏效果,分析了增敏系数理论与实验值的关系；深入研究了传感器在大应变和小应变下的响应情况,可通过调整内部构件比例以满足各种不同工程中物理量的测量需求。第三章介绍了将光纤光栅全截面环向应变传感器应用于燃气管道的泄漏监测实验。实验目的是为了验证该传感器能否对管道泄漏信号产生及时准确的响应。实验结果表明传感器能够及时准确地监测到管道的泄漏,对不同泄漏量、不同工况进行模式识别。第四章设计了将光纤光栅全截面环向应变传感器应用于燃气管道的腐蚀监测实验。主要研究了环向应变传感器对管道壁厚的响应。实验证明,这种光纤光栅环向应变传感器能够反应管道的壁厚变化,从而达到监测管道腐蚀的目的,具有工程应用价值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the pipeline transportation in all fields, the safe operation of the in-service oil and gas pipeline is not to be ignored, and the regular inspection has not met the safety demand of the transportation pipeline of the four-to-eight, so the real-time on-line non-destructive monitoring of the oil and gas pipeline is the important direction of the research in the current sensing field. In view of the special fire-proof and anti-electromagnetic interference requirements for oil and gas transportation, combined with the advantages of the grating fiber technology to the high sensitivity of strain and temperature, the harsh environment and the flexible packaging mode, this paper proposes a method for monitoring the pipeline health based on the fiber grating hoop strain sensor. In the first chapter, the development history and the future development trend of the pipeline transportation industry in China are first reviewed, and the catastrophic accidents such as the leakage and the explosion caused by the aging and corrosion of the pipeline have occurred frequently, and the meaning of the research on the health monitoring of the oil and gas pipeline is discussed. The paper also lists the research results of pipe leakage and corrosion monitoring at home and abroad, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the existing detection technology. In this paper, the application progress of the fiber sensing technology in the pipeline monitoring, the working principle and the performance advantage of the fiber grating sensor are introduced, and the research direction and the research of this paper are put forward. The main content of the second chapter is the development of the full-section strain sensor of the fiber grating. In this paper, the design background of the sensor is described, the working principle of the sensor is theoretically derived, and the shape and deformation coordination of the outer wall of the pipeline are specially designed to effectively package and secure the sensor. In order to ensure that the sensor is in the effective stress state on the official track, the pre-design is designed. The performance test of the sensor with different sensitizing effect is carried out. The experimental results show that the sensor has a certain sensitizing effect. The relationship between the theory of the sensitization coefficient and the experimental value is analyzed. The response of the sensor under the large strain and the small strain is deeply studied. it is to be understood that by adjusting the ratio of the internal components to meet the measurement of the physical quantities in a variety of different projects, The third chapter introduces the application of the full-section hoop strain sensor of the fiber grating to the discharge of the gas pipeline. The purpose of the experiment is to verify whether the sensor can generate a timely signal to the pipeline leakage signal The experimental results show that the sensor can timely and accurately monitor the leakage of the pipeline, and it can be used for different leakage and different working conditions. The fourth chapter is designed to apply the full-section hoop strain sensor of the fiber grating to the gas pipeline. The corrosion monitoring experiment of the ring strain sensor is mainly studied in this paper. The experimental results show that the annular strain sensor of the fiber grating can change the wall thickness of the pipe, so as to achieve the purpose of monitoring the corrosion of the pipeline.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U178

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