公路隧道大巴车火灾温度场及临界风速研究
发布时间：2019-03-24 15:31
【摘要】：开展公路隧道火灾相关研究有两方面至关重要，一方面是火源，它决定了火灾的规模和发展过程；另一方面是通风控制，主要保证最小纵向风速达到临界风速要求，使烟雾不发生回流。关于这两方面目前国内外进行了大量研究，就火源而言，其热释放率用常数模型或者平方增长模型设置；计算临界风速时，忽略阻滞的影响，这与实际情况是不相符的。论文以此为背景，采用FDS数值模拟和前人火灾试验数据相结合的方法，研究公路隧道内大巴车火灾温度场和阻塞工况下的临界风速。 论文首先以宇通客车为原型，按照1:1比例进行大巴车建模，对模型中的座椅、轮胎、内部装饰等设置材料参数；分别研究大巴车从前部、中部、后部座椅起火时的燃烧过程、最高温度和热释放率，通过对比研究，给出大巴车的最不利着火位置。 其次，同时考虑火源处及火源上游阻塞工况，引入火源处阻塞比1和火源上游阻塞比2，对传统的隧道火灾临界风速计算公式进行修正。分别得到了仅火源处阻塞、仅火源上游阻塞、同时考虑火源及火源上游阻塞的临界风速计算公式，，并通过已有的火灾试验数据进行验证。 最后，研究了在不同纵向风速条件下，火源分别为大巴车燃烧模型和平方增长模型设置的20MW火灾时隧道内温度场、烟雾场。研究表明，FDS燃烧模型更接近实际工况。
[Abstract]:The research on highway tunnel fire is of great importance in two aspects. On the one hand, it is the source of fire, which determines the scale and development process of the fire. On the other hand, ventilation control ensures the minimum longitudinal wind speed to meet the critical wind speed requirements, so that the smoke does not return. At present, a great deal of research has been done on these two aspects at home and abroad, as far as the fire source is concerned, the heat release rate is set by the constant model or the square growth model, and when calculating the critical wind speed, the influence of the block is ignored, which is not consistent with the actual situation. Based on this background, this paper studies the temperature field and critical wind velocity of bus fire in highway tunnel by means of FDS numerical simulation and previous fire test data. Firstly, based on the prototype of Yutong bus, the bus is modeled according to the 1:1 scale, and the material parameters are set up for the seat, tire, interior decoration and so on in the model. The combustion process, the maximum temperature and the heat release rate of the bus from the front, middle and rear seats are studied respectively. The most unfavorable ignition position of the bus is given through the comparative study. Secondly, considering the blocking condition at the fire source and upstream of the fire source, the traditional formula for calculating the critical wind velocity of tunnel fire is modified by introducing the blocking ratio 1 at the fire source and the blocking ratio at the upstream of the fire source. At the same time, the critical wind velocity calculation formulas of fire source and upstream congestion are obtained, and verified by the existing fire test data. The results are as follows: (1) the critical wind velocity of the fire source is only blocked at the source of fire, and only upstream of the fire source is taken into account. Finally, the temperature field and smoke field in the tunnel under different longitudinal wind speeds are studied when the fire source is a bus combustion model and a square growth model, respectively. The temperature field in the tunnel and the smoke field in the tunnel are set up by the 20MW combustion model and the square growth model. The results show that the FDS combustion model is closer to the actual condition.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U458;U453.5
本文编号：2446451
[Abstract]:The research on highway tunnel fire is of great importance in two aspects. On the one hand, it is the source of fire, which determines the scale and development process of the fire. On the other hand, ventilation control ensures the minimum longitudinal wind speed to meet the critical wind speed requirements, so that the smoke does not return. At present, a great deal of research has been done on these two aspects at home and abroad, as far as the fire source is concerned, the heat release rate is set by the constant model or the square growth model, and when calculating the critical wind speed, the influence of the block is ignored, which is not consistent with the actual situation. Based on this background, this paper studies the temperature field and critical wind velocity of bus fire in highway tunnel by means of FDS numerical simulation and previous fire test data. Firstly, based on the prototype of Yutong bus, the bus is modeled according to the 1:1 scale, and the material parameters are set up for the seat, tire, interior decoration and so on in the model. The combustion process, the maximum temperature and the heat release rate of the bus from the front, middle and rear seats are studied respectively. The most unfavorable ignition position of the bus is given through the comparative study. Secondly, considering the blocking condition at the fire source and upstream of the fire source, the traditional formula for calculating the critical wind velocity of tunnel fire is modified by introducing the blocking ratio 1 at the fire source and the blocking ratio at the upstream of the fire source. At the same time, the critical wind velocity calculation formulas of fire source and upstream congestion are obtained, and verified by the existing fire test data. The results are as follows: (1) the critical wind velocity of the fire source is only blocked at the source of fire, and only upstream of the fire source is taken into account. Finally, the temperature field and smoke field in the tunnel under different longitudinal wind speeds are studied when the fire source is a bus combustion model and a square growth model, respectively. The temperature field in the tunnel and the smoke field in the tunnel are set up by the 20MW combustion model and the square growth model. The results show that the FDS combustion model is closer to the actual condition.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U458;U453.5
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 袁建平;方正;程彩霞;唐智;;隧道火灾时拱顶最高烟气温度的实验研究[J];地下空间与工程学报;2010年05期
2 曾艳华;胡百万;黎旭;陈中学;刘彦波;;大纵坡双向行车公路隧道火灾控制风速研究[J];地下空间与工程学报;2013年04期
本文编号：2446451
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