基于多目标的震后应急物资车辆路径问题研究

发布时间：2019-06-24 15:46

【摘要】：我国是一个自然灾害比较多的国家，频发的自然灾害给社会带来巨大的伤亡和损失，其中地震造成的人员死亡和经济损失最多。应急物资的快速、安全、有效供应对于灾后人民基本生活、卫生防疫以及社会安定等方面尤为重要。首先在对现有的研究成果和理论进行梳理的基础上，阐述了一般应急物流与震后应急物流的概念和特点，对应急物流与商业物流进行了比较，分析了基于地震灾害的应急物流与一般应急物流的特殊之处。然后结合震后应急物资配送的实际情况对各种运输方式进行比较，公路运输因其路网覆盖面广、机动灵活、速度较快、路况修复容易的优势在震后应急物资配送中占有重要地位。其次，对基于地震灾害的应急物流公共信息平台的构建进行了初步探讨，按照参与主体对应急物流公共信息平台进行需求分析，并据此设计了简单应急物流公共信息平台的框架。另外，以应急车辆理想化环境下的单目标配送路径问题为基础，结合震后应急物流的特殊性，分析震后路面情况、路旁建筑物、交通流量对目标函数的影响。针对震后单车配送和多车配送两类问题，提出了考虑配送时间、路径风险、配送公平和配送成本的多目标模型。在无量纲处理基础上，采用非结构化决策的模糊赋权法计算指标权重，通过加权求和方式将多目标单一化。针对震后单车配送，改进遗传算法进行求解，针对震后多车应急配送，将爬山算法与遗传算法结合，，构建混合遗传算法进行求解。最后，随机选用Solomon车辆路径的标准数据，对单车单目标和震后多车配送路径模型的两个算例求解分析，在MATLAB7.0环境下求解，通过对运行结果的比较、分析，验证了模型的合理性和两个改进遗传算法的可行性以及有效性。
[Abstract]:China is a country with more natural disasters. Frequent natural disasters bring huge casualties and losses to the society, among which earthquakes cause the most deaths and economic losses. The rapid, safe and effective supply of emergency materials is particularly important for the basic life, health and epidemic prevention and social stability of the people after the disaster. First of all, on the basis of combing the existing research results and theories, this paper expounds the concepts and characteristics of general emergency logistics and post-earthquake emergency logistics, compares emergency logistics with commercial logistics, and analyzes the special features of emergency logistics and general emergency logistics based on earthquake disasters. Then, according to the actual situation of emergency material distribution after earthquake, various transportation modes are compared. Highway transportation plays an important role in post-earthquake emergency material distribution because of its wide road network coverage, flexible maneuverability, fast speed and easy road condition repair. Secondly, the construction of emergency logistics public information platform based on earthquake disaster is discussed, and the demand of emergency logistics public information platform is analyzed according to the participants, and the framework of simple emergency logistics public information platform is designed. In addition, based on the problem of single target distribution path in the idealized environment of emergency vehicles, combined with the particularity of emergency logistics after earthquake, the influence of road surface, roadside buildings and traffic flow on the objective function is analyzed. In order to solve the problems of bicycle distribution and multi-vehicle distribution after the earthquake, a multi-objective model considering distribution time, path risk, distribution fairness and distribution cost is proposed. On the basis of dimensionless processing, the fuzzy weighting method of unstructured decision is used to calculate the index weight, and the multi-objective is unified by weighted summation. Aiming at the bicycle distribution after the earthquake, the improved genetic algorithm is improved to solve the problem, and the mountain climbing algorithm and genetic algorithm are combined to solve the problem of multi-vehicle emergency distribution after the earthquake. Finally, the standard data of Solomon vehicle path are randomly selected to solve and analyze two examples of single target and multi-vehicle distribution path model after earthquake, which are solved in MATLAB7.0 environment. Through the comparison of operation results, the rationality of the model and the feasibility and effectiveness of the two improved genetic algorithms are verified.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U492.22;P315.9

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