五轴数控机床几何误差辨识与补偿

发布时间：2018-01-03 18:39

本文关键词：五轴数控机床几何误差辨识与补偿　出处：《北京交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：论文以TH5656双回转台五轴数控机床为研究对象,从机床的几何误差建模、几何误差测量与辨识和加工验证等方面进行了研究。通过分析双回转台五轴数控机床各个部件间的运动关系,建立了机床的几何误差模型,提出误差补偿算法,编写误差补偿程序对数控代码进行了补偿,并以叶轮为例,进行了机床误差补偿模型的加工验证实验。主要研究内容如下： (1)建立了双回转台五轴数控机床误差模型。基于多体系统理论,对双回转台五轴数控机床进行拓扑分析,并用低序体阵列进行描述,完整的表示出双回转台五轴数控机床的理想和实际运动的坐标变换,建立起双回转台五轴数控机床的几何误差模型,模型对相同结构类型的机床普遍适用。 (2)测量了平移轴和旋转轴的几何误差。论文以TH5656双转台五轴数控机床为例,设计了机床平移轴和旋转轴的几何误差测量方案,使用激光干涉仪和数字水平仪测量并辨识出三个平动轴的21项几何误差,使用球杆仪测量并辨识出两个回转轴的12项几何误差。 (3)提出了误差补偿算法。在几何误差测量和辨识的基础上,建立了几何误差补偿模型,提出误差补偿算法,并编写误差补偿程序,利用编写的程序对数控代码进行离线补偿。 (4)进行了机床误差补偿模型的实验验证。先使用球杆仪测量误差补偿前后的机床误差数据,通过对比分析补偿前后的效果,验证了误差补偿模型的有效性；然后利用误差补偿前后的数控代码加工叶轮,测量补偿前后各叶片的轮廓误差,通过对比分析验证了论文所提方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:In this paper, TH5656 double rotating table five-axis CNC machine tool is taken as the research object, and the geometric error modeling of the machine tool is carried out. The geometric error measurement, identification and machining verification are studied. The geometric error model of the machine tool is established by analyzing the kinematic relationship among the components of the five-axis NC machine tool with double rotary table, and an error compensation algorithm is proposed. The error compensation program is written to compensate the NC code, and the machining verification experiment of the error compensation model of the machine tool is carried out with the impeller as an example. The main research contents are as follows: Based on the theory of multi-body system, the topological analysis of five-axis NC machine tool with double rotary table is carried out and described by low-sequence array. The coordinate transformation of ideal and actual motion of five-axis NC machine tool with double rotary table is presented, and the geometric error model of five-axis CNC machine tool with double rotary table is established. The model is generally applicable to the machine tool of the same structure type. The geometric errors of the translation axis and the rotation axis are measured. Taking the five-axis CNC machine tool with TH5656 double turntable as an example, the measuring scheme of the geometric error between the translation axis and the rotation axis of the machine tool is designed. Using laser interferometer and digital level instrument to measure and identify 21 geometric errors of three translational shafts, 12 geometric errors of two rotating axes are measured and identified by using a ball rod instrument. On the basis of geometric error measurement and identification, a geometric error compensation model is established, an error compensation algorithm is proposed, and an error compensation program is written. The program is used to compensate the NC code offline. Firstly, the error data of the machine tool before and after the error compensation are measured by the ball meter, and the results before and after compensation are compared and analyzed. The validity of the error compensation model is verified. Then the contour error of each blade before and after compensation is measured by NC code before and after error compensation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparison and analysis.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG659

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