铝合金轻量化壁板的激光诱导热成形研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 07:01

本文关键词：铝合金轻量化壁板的激光诱导热成形研究　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着航空航天、船舶、汽车等行业的快速发展,轻质金属板材的应用日益广泛,其中铝合金凭借质量轻、强度高、耐腐蚀等优良特性得到了大量应用。针对包括铝合金在内的金属板材,传统的成形工艺通常需要借助模具来对板材进行成形。然而对于一些大尺寸、形状复杂、成形精度的要求不高、小批量生产的零件来说,模具的设计周期会很长,同时制造成本很高,因此近年来,一种新的无模成形技术——激光诱导热成形技术逐渐引起了人们的关注。本文针对航天用5A06铝合金轻量化壁板的激光诱导热成形工艺技术进行了基础研究,探索该材料的激光诱导热成形的基本工艺规律,为后续实际应用打下基础。本文首先通过试验对航天用5A06铝合金的激光诱导热成形特性进行了研究。确定了5A06铝合金激光诱导热成形的合理工艺参数范围,并分析了激光加热对于铝合金材料的微观组织及硬度的影响。同时利用正交试验探索了激光功率、光斑直径、扫描速度、扫描线位置等工艺参数对5A06铝合金板材变形量的影响程度,并通过单因素试验研究了不同工艺参数对板材变形量的影响规律。本文还对板材激光诱导热成形中严重影响板材成形精度的边界效应现象(或称翘曲现象)进行了研究。分析其产生的原因并且深入研究了激光功率和扫描线位置对边界效应的影响,提出了利用变功率扫描方式抑制边界效应的工艺方法,并分别通过有限元仿真分析与实验验证了这一方法对于抑制边界效应现象的有效性。在上述研究的基础上,对航天用5A06铝合金轻量化壁板的激光诱导热成形工艺规划进行了研究。利用有限元方法分析了轻量化壁板在激光扫描过程中的温度场、应力场、应变场以及变形过程,提出了变功率扫描与外力辅助成形相结合的工艺策略来抑制轻量化壁板成形过程中的不均匀变形。同时对连续扫描轻量化壁板的温度场分布和变形规律进行了初步探究。本文的研究工作为5A06铝合金轻量化壁板激光诱导热成形工艺技术的深入研究奠定了基础,对于实现特殊结构板材的无模成形也具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of aerospace, ship, automobile and other industries, the application of light metal sheet is increasingly widespread, among which aluminum alloy has light weight and high strength. Corrosion resistance and other good properties have been widely used. For the metal sheet, including aluminum alloy, the traditional forming process usually needs the aid of die to form the sheet metal. However, for some large size, the shape is complex. The requirements of forming accuracy are not high, for small batch production of parts, die design cycle will be very long, at the same time, manufacturing costs are high, so in recent years. A new no-die forming technology, laser induced hot forming, has been paid more and more attention. In this paper, the laser induced hot forming technology of 5A06 aluminum alloy lightweight wall plate for aerospace is studied. . The basic technological rules of laser induced thermal forming of the material were explored. In this paper, the characteristics of laser induced hot forming of 5A06 aluminum alloy for aerospace are studied by experiments, and the reasonable technological parameters of laser induced hot forming of 5A06 aluminum alloy are determined. Count range. The effects of laser heating on the microstructure and hardness of aluminum alloy were analyzed, and the laser power, spot diameter and scanning speed were investigated by orthogonal test. The influence of scanning line position and other technological parameters on deformation of 5A06 aluminum alloy sheet. The influence of different process parameters on the deformation of sheet metal is studied by single factor test. The boundary effect phenomenon (or warping phenomenon) which seriously affects the forming accuracy of sheet metal in laser-induced hot forming is also studied. The cause of the problem is analyzed and the influence of laser power and scanning line position on the boundary effect is studied. A new method to suppress the boundary effect by variable power scanning is proposed. The effectiveness of the method is verified by finite element simulation and experiments. The laser induced hot forming process planning of 5A06 aluminum alloy lightweight wall plate for aerospace was studied. The temperature field and stress field of light weight aluminum alloy panel during laser scanning were analyzed by finite element method. Strain field and deformation process. A process strategy combining variable power scanning and external force assisted forming is proposed to suppress the uneven deformation in the process of lightweight panel forming. The temperature field distribution and deformation law of continuous scanning lightweight wall plate are also discussed in this paper. The research work in this paper has laid a foundation for the deep research of laser induced hot forming technology of 5A06 aluminum alloy lightweight wall plate. It is also of great significance to realize the die-less forming of special structure sheet.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG665

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