XH2130龙门加工中心横梁系统静动热态特性的研究

发布时间：2018-01-18 01:09

本文关键词：XH2130龙门加工中心横梁系统静动热态特性的研究　出处：《苏州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：龙门加工中心广泛适用于汽车、航空航天、船舶等行业中,加大龙门机床的技术和产品的研发,对实现制造装备业的跨跃式发展具有重大的意义。由于龙门加工中心的横梁系统是机床的主要承载系统,横梁系统的静动热态性能对机床的加工精度和机床的切削性能影响非常大。所以,对于横梁系统的设计和性能研究显得尤为重要。本文通过有限元分析和理论计算相结合的方法,旨在研究XH2130龙门加工中心的横梁系统的静动热态特性,验证横梁系统各部件设计和性能参数是否达到设计要求,为横梁系统性能的优化提供了理论参考。主要研究内容如下:(1)横梁系统的静态特性分析。建立龙门加工中心整机和横梁系统的有限元模型,在受力分析时充分考虑到平衡油缸对其关键部件的影响。在多种工况下,采用ANSYS Workbench的Scripting功能进行多模型计算,得到静态特性分析结果。并与没有加载平衡油缸的分析结果对比可知,载入平衡油缸能够有效的减少横梁系统的总变形量,为横梁系统的结构优化提供理论依据。(2)横梁系统模态分析和谐响应分析。基于模态分析理论概述为基础,得到振动方程。通过模态分析得到六阶振型和固有频率,将固有频率理论计算结果和有限元分析结果对比发现非常接近,验证有限元模型建立和模态分析的正确性。在模态分析的基础上,对横梁进行谐响应分析,考虑系统阻尼对横梁系统的动态性能的影响,并提出系统谐响应改进的措施。最后,对横梁系统中的滚珠丝杠进行模态分析,得到六阶振型和各阶临界转速,可知在有效范围内滚珠丝杠不会发生共振。(3)横梁系统中滚珠丝杠热态特性分析。通过有限元建模分析得到滚珠丝杠系统的稳态温度场。然后,施加热载荷,并对滚珠丝杠系统进行热—结构耦合分析,得到滚珠丝杠系统的总热变形和X、Y、Z三个方向上的热变形情况。最后,分析影响滚珠丝杠系统热变形的主要因素,并提出改善滚珠丝杠系统热态特性的有效措施,为提高机床的加工精度提供了依据。(4)横梁系统中导轨变形分析。对横梁上下导轨的变形情况进行分析,绘制出导轨的变形曲线和补偿曲线,并通过数值分析得到拟合补偿曲线方程;然后,仿真导轨在实际工况下的稳态温度场和瞬态温度场以及热结构耦合分析,获得导轨热变形情况。同时,与静态载荷作用下的变形对比,分析导轨热态特性对静态特性的影响。最后,仿真分析影响导轨热变形的主要因素,并提出减少导轨变形的有效措施。
[Abstract]:Gantry machining center is widely used in automobile, aerospace, shipping and other industries, increasing the technology and product research and development of gantry machine tools. It is of great significance to realize the leap development of the manufacturing equipment industry, because the crossbeam system of the gantry machining center is the main bearing system of the machine tool. The static and dynamic thermal performance of the crossbeam system has a great influence on the machining accuracy and cutting performance of the machine tool. It is very important to study the design and performance of beam system. This paper combines finite element analysis with theoretical calculation. The purpose of this paper is to study the static and dynamic characteristics of the cross beam system in XH2130 gantry machining center, and to verify whether the design and performance parameters of the cross beam system meet the design requirements. The main research contents are as follows: 1) static characteristic analysis of the crossbeam system. The finite element model of the gantry machining center and the crossbeam system is established. The influence of balanced cylinder on its key components is fully taken into account in the stress analysis. The Scripting function of ANSYS Workbench is used for multi-model calculation under a variety of working conditions. The static characteristic analysis results are obtained and compared with the analysis results of the unloaded balanced cylinder, it can be seen that loading the balanced cylinder can effectively reduce the total deformation of the beam system. It provides a theoretical basis for structural optimization of beam system. It provides a theoretical basis for modal analysis and harmonic response analysis of crossbeam system. The vibration equation is obtained. Through modal analysis, the sixth order mode and natural frequency are obtained, and the results of natural frequency theory and finite element analysis are compared and found to be very close. Based on the modal analysis, the harmonic response of the beam is analyzed, and the influence of the system damping on the dynamic performance of the beam system is considered. Finally, the modal analysis of the ball screw in the beam system is carried out, and the sixth order vibration mode and the critical speed of each order are obtained. It is known that there is no resonance in the ball screw in the effective range. The thermal characteristics of the ball screw in the beam system are analyzed. The steady temperature field of the ball screw system is obtained by the finite element modeling analysis. The total thermal deformation of the ball screw system and the thermal deformation of the ball screw system in three directions are obtained by applying the heating load and the thermal-structure coupling analysis of the ball screw system. Finally, the thermal deformation of the ball screw system is obtained. The main factors affecting the thermal deformation of the ball screw system are analyzed, and the effective measures to improve the hot state characteristics of the ball screw system are put forward. In order to improve the machining accuracy of the machine tool, the deformation analysis of the guide rail in the crossbeam system is provided. The deformation of the upper and lower guideways of the beam is analyzed, and the deformation curve and compensation curve of the guide rail are drawn. The fitting compensation curve equation is obtained by numerical analysis. Then, the steady temperature field, transient temperature field and thermal structure coupling analysis of the guide rail under the actual conditions are simulated, and the thermal deformation of the guide rail is obtained. At the same time, it is compared with the deformation under static load. Finally, the main factors affecting the thermal deformation of the guide rail are analyzed, and the effective measures to reduce the thermal deformation of the guide rail are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG659

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