旋转台几何误差的在机测量与辨识

发布时间：2018-02-02 15:16

本文关键词： 旋转台几何误差误差检测在机测量误差辨识　出处：《仪器仪表学报》2015年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：旋转台是多轴数控机床的基本组成部件,其几何误差对加工精度具有显著的影响。以旋转台轴线的4项定位误差及6项运动误差的测量与辨识为目标,利用标准球和接触式测头设计简易、高效的综合误差在机测量方案,提出基于综合误差的分步辨识方法。首先,在旋转工作台上安装高度不等、位置不一的标准球以构建测量点系,并在不同旋转角度下,利用直线轴的插补运动带动高精度测量头测量球心误差。然后,依据小误差理论和齐次变换原理依次构建4项定位误差和6项运动误差的分步辨识模型,辨识出全部误差项。在带旋转轴的机床上进行实验验证与实际应用,结果表明:利用辨识结果计算的预测值与实际测量值相比,绝对误差不超过0.004 mm;利用辨识误差项修正后的工件在机测量结果与三坐标测量值相比,绝对误差也不超过0.006 mm,满足了高精度的应用要求。该方法具有操作简单、占机时间少、辨识精度高的特点,适合加工现场的快速、短周期标定。
[Abstract]:The rotating table is the basic component of the multi-axis NC machine tool, and its geometric error has a significant influence on the machining accuracy. The measurement and identification of the four positioning errors and six motion errors of the axis of the rotary table are taken as the target. Using standard ball and contact probe to design simple and efficient measurement scheme of comprehensive error in the machine, a step identification method based on comprehensive error is proposed. First, the installation height on the rotary table is not equal. The standard ball with different positions is used to construct the measuring point system, and under different rotation angles, the interpolation motion of the straight axis is used to drive the high precision measuring head to measure the center of the ball error. Then. According to the theory of small error and the principle of homogeneous transformation, the stepwise identification models of four positioning errors and six motion errors are constructed in turn, and all the errors are identified. The experimental verification and practical application are carried out on the machine tool with rotating axis. The results show that the absolute error is less than 0.004 mm compared with the actual measured value. Compared with the measured value of 3D coordinate, the absolute error of the workpiece modified by the identification error term is less than 0.006 mm, which satisfies the requirement of high precision application. The method is simple to operate. The machine occupies less time and has high identification accuracy. It is suitable for fast and short period calibration of machining field.
【作者单位】：福州大学机械工程及自动化学院;福建工程学院机械与汽车工程学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(51575110,51305079) 福建省自然科学基金(2015J01181)项目资助
【分类号】：TG659
【正文快照】： 1引言多轴数控机床通过旋转台提升机床的柔性,以提高材料的去除率和表面加工质量。由于旋转台构件不可避免地存在制造、安装误差和使用过程中的磨损、变形等,其几何误差对加工精度具有显著的影响[1-2]。对旋转台几何误差的快速测量与高精度辨识,及时消除对加工的影响是产业界

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