滚珠丝杠副服役寿命预测关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 01:25

本文选题：数控机床　切入点：滚珠丝杠副　出处：《西南交通大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：数控机床作为高技术含量的现代化“工业母机”,是实现制造技术和装备制造业现代化的重要基础装备,其性能、质量和拥有量已成为衡量一个国家工业现代化水平的重要标志。滚珠丝杠副作为数控机床的关键部件,在使用过程中不可避免地存在着服役寿命衰退的现象,滚珠丝杠副服役寿命的衰退会引起机床加工工件的精度下降,严重时会引起机床振动、降低工件的合格率。考虑到滚珠丝杠副订货周期长、采购价格高等特点,若提前采购大量备件,将占用企业大量流动资金；若发生故障后再采购,因机床停机造成的停产损失更为严重,进而影响产品的市场竞争力。针对上述问题,本文进行了如下研究工作：1.在研究了国内外相关资料和现场调研的基础上,提出了兼顾滚珠丝杠副使用工况和用户对滚珠丝杠副性能具体需求的滚珠丝杠副服役寿命的描述计算方法。该描述方法更符合滚珠丝杠副现场应用的实际需求。结合滚珠丝杠副相关的国家标准,分析了滚珠丝杠副精度、摩擦力矩等关键性能,建立了滚珠丝杠副服役寿命评价体系,给出了滚珠丝杠副综合性能评价方法和服役寿命计算方法。2.研发了滚珠丝杠副加速寿命退化试验装置。该试验装置通过伺服控制系统实现了滚珠丝杠副轴向载荷的可控加载,通过加速寿命退化试验在线监测系统实现了滚珠丝杠副全寿命周期试验数据的监测与采集,为滚珠丝杠副服役寿命预测技术研究提供了良好的试验平台。3.在对试验监测信号进行时域、频域和时频域分析的基础上,提出了变特征预测滚珠丝杠副服役寿命的新方法。该方法采用相关系数法自动选择监测特征,提高了滚珠丝杠副服役寿命的预测精度,有利于滚珠丝杠副服役寿命在线预测系统的实现。4.基于在线自学习的双模型结构,建立了滚珠丝杠副服役寿命预测模型,该模型具有运算速度快、可移植性强等优点,有利于实现滚珠丝杠副服役寿命的在线预测。5.提出了一种滚珠丝杠副性能退化的图示化分析方法,该方法以图形的方式直观地表示出滚珠丝杠副各部分的性能退化分布状态,为滚珠丝杠副服役寿命的判定和滚珠丝杠副的维护保养提供了直观可靠的维护依据,有利于提高数控机床的工作效率和加工零件的产品质量。本文对滚珠丝杠副服役寿命评价体系、加速寿命退化试验、信号处理、寿命预测模型等研究领域进行了积极探索,解决了滚珠丝杠副服役寿命预测技术实用化进程中出现的若干问题,实现了滚珠丝杠副服役寿命的准确预测,为滚珠丝杠副性能退化分布状态的图示化表达提供了一种新的思路,丰富和发展了滚珠丝杠副服役寿命预测技术。
[Abstract]:As a modern "industrial mother machine" with high technology content, NC machine tool is an important basic equipment to realize the modernization of manufacturing technology and equipment. Quality and possession have become an important indicator to measure the level of industrial modernization in a country. As a key component of CNC machine tools, the service life of the ball screw pair is inevitably declining. The decline of the service life of the ball screw pair will cause the precision of the machined workpiece to decrease, and when it is serious, it will cause the machine tool to vibrate and reduce the qualified rate of the workpiece. Considering the long ordering period and the high purchase price of the ball screw pair, If a large number of spare parts are purchased in advance, they will occupy a large amount of liquid capital of the enterprise. If the purchase occurs after failure, the shutdown losses caused by machine tool downtime will be more serious, which will further affect the market competitiveness of the products. In this paper, the following research work is carried out: 1. On the basis of studying the relevant information and field investigation at home and abroad, This paper presents a description and calculation method for the service life of the ball screw pair, which takes into account the working conditions of the ball screw pair and the requirements of the users for the performance of the ball screw pair. The description method is more in line with the actual requirements of the field application of the ball screw pair. Combined with the national standards related to ball screw pairs, The key performances of ball screw pair, such as precision and friction moment, are analyzed, and the service life evaluation system of ball screw pair is established. The comprehensive performance evaluation method and service life calculation method of the ball screw pair are given. 2. The accelerated life degradation test device of the ball screw pair is developed. The device realizes the controllable loading of the axial load of the ball screw pair through the servo control system. Through the on-line monitoring system of accelerated life degradation test, the whole life cycle test data of ball screw pair are monitored and collected. It provides a good test platform for the research of service life prediction technology of ball screw pair. 3. Based on the analysis of test monitoring signal in time domain, frequency domain and time frequency domain, A new method for predicting the service life of ball screw pairs with variable features is proposed. The correlation coefficient method is used to automatically select the monitoring features, which improves the prediction accuracy of the service life of ball screw pairs. 4. Based on the double model structure of on-line self-learning, the service life prediction model of ball screw pair is established. The model has the advantages of fast operation speed, strong portability and so on. This paper presents a graphical analysis method for the performance degradation of the ball screw pair, which can visually express the performance degradation distribution of each part of the ball screw pair in a graphic manner, and the method is helpful to realize the on-line prediction of the service life of the ball screw pair, which is helpful to realize the on-line prediction of the service life of the ball screw pair. It provides an intuitionistic and reliable maintenance basis for the service life of the ball screw pair and the maintenance of the ball screw pair. In this paper, the service life evaluation system of ball screw pair, accelerated life degradation test, signal processing, life prediction model and other research fields are actively explored. Some problems appeared in the practical process of service life prediction of ball screw pair are solved, and the accurate service life prediction of ball screw pair is realized. It provides a new idea for the graphical representation of the performance degradation distribution state of the ball screw pair, and enriches and develops the service life prediction technology of the ball screw pair.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG659

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