轴承预紧力对电主轴特性的影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 08:38

本文选题：电主轴　切入点：固有频率　出处：《沈阳建筑大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：高速加工是以大幅度提高切削速度来达到提高生产率、加工精度、加工质量和降低成本的现代制造技术。在现代制造技术中,高速切削技术已成为一个不可阻挡的发展潮流。高速机床是实现高速切削的首要条件,而高速电主轴是高速机床的核心部件,与传统的传动方式相比,高速电主轴使用内装式电机,取消了诸如齿轮、皮带等中间传动环节,实现了机床的“零传动”。本文首先介绍了电主轴具有高精度、高刚度、抗振能力强、热稳定的优良性能,并针对于典型陶瓷电主轴,进行结构与工作原理上的讲解,对关键部件主轴与轴承进行了详细的阐述。当电主轴受到轴承预紧力预紧的情况下,应用赫兹理论计算角接触球轴承的接触应力、接触刚度和接触变形,并予以分析。以150MD24z7.5型钢质电主轴为例,运用ANSYS建立其三维分析模型,分别通过数学计算和仿真对轴承的预紧力所导致的振动和温升进行研究,分析主轴转子的振动、轴承的摩擦生热及温度场分布,并用实验对上述仿真和计算进行验证。同时,应用上述方法,确定170SD30无内圈全陶瓷电主轴合理的预紧力,并对其产生的振动、温升进行实验验证。针对于本课题组设计的170SD30无内圈全陶瓷电主轴,施加根据上文确定的预紧力,利用传递矩阵法进行固有频率计算分析,并用有限元分析软件ANSYS对主轴的转子进行模态分析,同时建立电主轴的动态测试系统,采用锤击法对电主轴的动态响应特性进行实验研究,将三者结果进行对比分析,研究其动态特性,同时表明,ANSYS有限元仿真的可行性和快捷性。在工程实际中,合理的预紧力对提高轴的旋转精度、减少振动噪声和保证轴承寿命都是十分有利的,做这方面的研究能够对优化轴承、轴系刚度的研究领域发展起到一定的促进作用。
[Abstract]:High speed machining is a modern manufacturing technology which can improve productivity, machining precision, machining quality and reducing cost by greatly increasing cutting speed. High-speed cutting technology has become an irresistible trend of development. High-speed machine tool is the first condition to realize high-speed cutting, and high-speed motorized spindle is the core component of high-speed machine tool. The high speed motorized spindle uses the built-in motor, cancels the intermediate transmission links such as gears and belts, and realizes the "zero drive" of the machine tool. This paper first introduces the excellent performance of the motorized spindle with high precision, high stiffness, strong vibration resistance and thermal stability. According to the typical ceramic motorized spindle, the structure and working principle are explained, and the key parts spindle and bearing are described in detail. The contact stress, contact stiffness and contact deformation of angular contact ball bearings are calculated by Hertz theory and analyzed. Taking 150MD24z7.5 steel motorized spindle as an example, a three-dimensional analysis model is established by using ANSYS. The vibration and temperature rise caused by the pretightening force of bearing are studied by mathematical calculation and simulation, and the vibration of spindle rotor, the distribution of friction heat and temperature field of bearing are analyzed, and the above simulation and calculation are verified by experiments. Using the above method, the reasonable pretightening force of 170SD30 non-inner ring all-ceramic electric spindle is determined, and the vibration and temperature rise produced by it are verified experimentally. The 170SD30 all-ceramic motor spindle without inner ring is designed by our research group. According to the pretightening force determined above, the transfer matrix method is used to calculate and analyze the natural frequency, and the finite element analysis software ANSYS is used to carry out modal analysis of the spindle rotor. At the same time, the dynamic testing system of the motorized spindle is established. The dynamic response characteristics of motorized spindle are experimentally studied by hammering method. The results are compared and analyzed, and the dynamic characteristics are studied. At the same time, the feasibility and rapidity of ANSYS finite element simulation are shown. Reasonable preload force is very beneficial to improve the rotation precision of shaft, reduce vibration noise and guarantee bearing life. The research in this field can promote the development of the research field of the optimization of bearing and shaft stiffness.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG659

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