重型机床动力学稳定性与装配工艺方法

发布时间：2018-03-15 18:21

本文选题：重型机床　切入点：动力学　出处：《哈尔滨理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：重型机床因其吨位大、结构复杂、切削载荷多而复杂等特点,针对大型关键零部件多采用专机进行加工,加工中由于专机零部件之间的结合面装配出现问题,引起切削振动导致无法准确定位,将造成巨大的经济损失。通常解决的办法是将机床整体拆卸后逐个零部件的进行故障排查,浪费了大量的人力、物力和时间。重型机床的装配所采用的工艺是基于机床几何约束的装配,未在机床的装配工艺中考虑动力稳定性问题,使得重型机床的高精度要求无法保证。本文结合课题合作企业水室封头专机研制的需求,在满足核电关键零件水室封头特殊结构的加工要求基础上,以保证水室封头专机动力学稳定性为目标,结合现场专机的装配特点,提出重型机床装配工艺方法。具体进行以下研究:将水室封头专机研制所依据的三种机床作为典型重型机床进行结构分析,并与专机结构进行比对,提出基于二叉树法的装配工艺方法,对样本机床进行动力学性能分析与动力学稳定性对比,提出专机的动力学稳定性评价方案。建立重型机床的功能、结构与装配工序之间的映射,依据赫兹理论,将机床的预应力模态作为中间变量,建立动力学稳定性与装配工艺的关系模型,给出机床的装配工艺控制变量,建立机床动力学稳定性的装配工艺层次结构,并对机床的关键结合面识别,研究专机模态参数对结合面结构参数与装配载荷的响应特性,识别出专机的装配工艺变量,规划专机装配工艺设计方案。通过机床模态参数对装配工艺变量的敏感性分析,采用层次分析法,获得了机床装配工艺设计变量的设计序列,揭示装配工艺设计变量影响规律,利用多目标驱动优化方法,建立机床装配工艺设计模型,提出机床装配工艺设计方法。形成新的机床装配工艺,利用多体系统理论对机床动力学稳定性分析方法进行了验证。通过B轴组件不同位置及不同摆角下的整机模态分析,提出专机的装配工艺评价方法,将形成的专机装配工艺应用于现场装配中,并在水室封头加工实验中得到验证。
[Abstract]:Heavy duty machine tool because of its large tonnage, complex structure, characteristics of cutting load multiple and complex, processing for large key parts of the machine, processing between components due to the combination of plane surface mounting problems caused by cutting vibration lead to accurate positioning, will cause huge economic losses. Usually, the solution is to the whole machine after the demolition by parts of the troubleshooting, wasting a lot of manpower, material and time. The assembly process of heavy machine using the assembly machine based on geometric constraints, the dynamic stability problem is not considered in the assembly process of machine tool, the high precision heavy machine tool requirements can not be guaranteed. In this paper the enterprise cooperation the water chamber head plane development needs, to meet the processing of nuclear power key parts water chamber head special structure based on the requirements, to ensure the water chamber head plane Dynamic stability as the goal, combined with the characteristics of field assembly of the plane, the heavy machine tool assembly method. The following research: water chamber head plane developed based on three kinds of machine tools as a typical heavy machine tool structural analysis, and machine structure of assembly method is proposed based on two fork tree, comparison dynamic performance analysis and dynamic stability of the sample machine, the evaluation of dynamic stability plane scheme. Establish heavy machine tool function, mapping between structure and assembly process, based on Hertz theory, the prestressed modal machine as an intermediate variable, set up a relation model of dynamic stability and assembly process, assembly process is machine tool control variable assembly process for the establishment of a hierarchy of dynamic stability of the machine tool, and the key of the machine with face recognition, the study of the plane mode The parameters of response characteristic of the combined surface structure parameters and assembly load, identify the assembly process variables of the plane, the plane assembly process design planning. Through the modal parameters of the machine tool assembly process variable sensitivity analysis, using analytic hierarchy process, the design sequence of machine assembly process design variables, reveal the influence of assembly process design variables drive, using the multi-objective optimization method, establish the machine assembly process design model, put forward the design method of machine assembly process. The formation of the assembling process of machine tools, machine tool dynamic stability analysis method was verified by using multi-body system theory. The B axis components of different positions and different angles of the modal analysis, the evaluation of assembly the plane process method, will form the special assembly process applied to the assembly, and to verify the water chamber head processing experiment.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG502;TG95

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